Figure 2
From: Photothermal incubation of red blood cells by laser for rapid pre-transfusion blood group typing

Laser incubation gives stronger results faster. Comparison of incubation methods. Incubation at room temperature (22–24 °C) is compared to two methods of heating: heating block (37 °C) and laser illumination (36–38 °C). (a) For a two-minute incubation time, subsequent dilutions of antibody show positive results (left) and negative results (right). Laser incubation gives clearer and more consistent positive results for weaker antibody solutions than the other two methods (a higher titre number). (b) Scoring each dilution out of 12 allows plotting of the results. (c) Summing the score across the full dilution gives a total score. The role of incubation temperature and time are explored. (d) Sensitivity control check using 0.05 IU/mL antibody.