Table 1 Results of mixed effect models with six repeated measures on the effects of Biochar, Fertilizer and Inoculant (for Brachiaria only) (and their interactions) on the dry and fresh biomass of Brachiaria and Panicum forage grasses in a pot experiment. SS – sum of squares; MSS – mean sum of squares; DF – degrees of freedom; R2c – conditional R2; R2m – marginal R2.
From: Biochar amendment improves degraded pasturelands in Brazil: environmental and cost-benefit analysis
Factor | Dry biomass | Fresh biomass | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SS | MSS | DF | DenDF | F | p | SS | MSS | DF | DenDF | F | p | |
Forage grass: Brachiaria | ||||||||||||
Biochar | 0.80 | 0.80 | 1 | 31.9 | 6.57 | 0.015 | 5.31 | 5.31 | 1 | 32.5 | 11.98 | 0.002 |
Fertilizer | 0.54 | 0.54 | 1 | 31.9 | 4.37 | 0.045 | 1.87 | 1.87 | 1 | 32.5 | 4.23 | 0.048 |
Inoculant | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1 | 31.9 | 0.42 | 0.520 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 1 | 32.5 | 0.19 | 0.663 |
Time | 180.30 | 36.06 | 5 | 157.4 | 294.71 | <2e-16 | 457.69 | 91.54 | 5 | 157.9 | 206.46 | <2.2e-16 |
Biochar*Fertilizer | 0.52 | 0.52 | 1 | 31.9 | 4.24 | 0.048 | 1.19 | 1.19 | 1 | 32.5 | 2.68 | 0.111 |
Biochar*Inoculant | 0.07 | 0.07 | 1 | 31.9 | 0.59 | 0.449 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 1 | 32.5 | 0.11 | 0.745 |
Fertilizer*Inoculant | 0.38 | 0.38 | 1 | 31.9 | 3.13 | 0.086 | 0.47 | 0.47 | 1 | 32.5 | 1.05 | 0.313 |
Biochar*Time | 0.33 | 0.07 | 5 | 157.4 | 0.53 | 0.751 | 0.55 | 0.11 | 5 | 157.9 | 0.25 | 0.941 |
Fertilizer*Time | 0.27 | 0.05 | 5 | 157.4 | 0.44 | 0.819 | 0.70 | 0.14 | 5 | 157.9 | 0.31 | 0.904 |
Inoculant*Time | 1.43 | 0.29 | 5 | 157.4 | 2.34 | 0.045 | 6.44 | 1.29 | 5 | 157.9 | 2.90 | 0.015 |
Biochar*Fertilizer*Inoculant | 0.01 | 0.01 | 1 | 31.9 | 0.11 | 0.741 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 1 | 32.5 | 0.44 | 0.513 |
Biochar*Fertilizer*Time | 1.05 | 0.21 | 5 | 157.4 | 1.71 | 0.135 | 1.68 | 0.34 | 5 | 157.9 | 0.76 | 0.580 |
Biochar*Inoculant*Time | 0.08 | 0.02 | 5 | 157.4 | 0.13 | 0.985 | 1.09 | 0.22 | 5 | 157.9 | 0.49 | 0.783 |
Fertilizer*Inoculant*Time | 0.21 | 0.04 | 5 | 157.4 | 0.34 | 0.888 | 0.79 | 0.16 | 5 | 157.9 | 0.36 | 0.878 |
Biochar*Fertilizer*Inoculant*Time | 0.98 | 0.20 | 5 | 157.4 | 1.60 | 0.163 | 2.78 | 0.56 | 5 | 157.9 | 1.26 | 0.286 |
R2m | 0.84 | 0.80 | ||||||||||
R2c | 0.87 | 0.83 | ||||||||||
Forage grass: Panicum | ||||||||||||
Biochar | 0.14 | 0.14 | 1 | 16.1 | 2.10 | 0.166 | 0.36 | 0.36 | 1 | 16.0 | 1.37 | 0.258 |
Fertilizer | 0.21 | 0.21 | 1 | 16.1 | 3.11 | 0.097 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 1 | 16.0 | 0.93 | 0.350 |
Time | 78.69 | 15.74 | 5 | 78.4 | 234.23 | <2.2e-16 | 192.58 | 38.52 | 5 | 78.1 | 147.02 | <2.2e-16 |
Biochar*Fertilizer | 0.02 | 0.02 | 1 | 16.1 | 0.31 | 0.583 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1 | 16.0 | 0.01 | 0.918 |
Biochar*Time | 2.98 | 0.60 | 5 | 78.4 | 8.87 | 0.000 | 16.38 | 3.28 | 5 | 78.1 | 12.51 | 0.000 |
Fertilizer*Time | 0.95 | 0.19 | 5 | 78.4 | 2.84 | 0.021 | 5.87 | 1.18 | 5 | 78.1 | 4.48 | 0.001 |
Biochar*Fertilizer*Time | 1.59 | 0.32 | 5 | 78.4 | 4.74 | 0.001 | 8.66 | 1.73 | 5 | 78.1 | 6.61 | 0.000 |
R2m | 0.89 | 0.8 | ||||||||||
R2c | 0.92 | 0.89 | ||||||||||
