Figure 1
From: Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behaviour of wild animals
Effect of predator (red) and non-predator (blue) playbacks heard 7 days previously on the fearfulness shown in response to hearing conspecific alarm calls signalling the highest level of predator danger (‘high zee’ calls), as quantified by the change in time (seconds) spent ‘vigilant and immobile’, compared between the 1 minute before, vs. the 1 minute after, the start of the first alarm call. Values are means ± S.E.
