Table 2 Bone parameters for the axial skeleton (sternebrae:n = 5, vertebrae:n = 9–10, and ribs:n = 9–10) as measured by µCT.

From: The effects of spaceflight and fracture healing on distant skeletal sites

Parameters

Ground

Flight

Sham

Surgery

Sham

Surgery

Sternebral body (third)

BV/TV (%)

9.7 (1.4)

11.3 (1.8)

9.6 (1.6)

9.0 (0.8)†

Tb.Th (mm)

0.041 (0.003)

0.040 (0.002)

0.037 (0.002) †

0.039 (0.001)

Tb.N (mm-1)

2.4 (0.4)

2.8 (0.3)

2.6 (0.5)

2.4 (0.2)†

Tb.Sp (mm)

0.231 (0.019)

0.205 (0.011)*

0.189 (0.031) †

0.214 (0.022)

Vertebral body (L4)

BV/TV (%)

18.7 (1.5)

18.5 (4.0)

17.4 (1.3)

15.9 (1.5)

Tb.Th (mm)

0.049 (0.005)

0.048 (0.006)

0.048 (0.003)

0.045 (0.004)

Tb.N (mm−1)

3.8 (0.2)

3.8 (0.4)

3.7 (0.2)

3.5 (0.2)

Tb.Sp (mm)

0.202 (0.013)

0.200 (0.006)

0.203 (0.009)

0.210 (0.016)

Rib (tenth)

B.Ar/T.Ar (%)

74 (2.6)

79 (3.5)*

74 (2.5)

73 (2.1) †

M.Ar (mm2)

0.030 (0.007)

0.019 (0.008)*

0.027 (0.007)

0.031 (0.005) †

T.Ar (mm2)

0.115 (0.018)

0.088 (0.024)*

0.103 (0.019)

0.114 (0.013)

B.Ar (mm2)

0.085 (0.011)

0.069 (0.017)*

0.076 (0.013)

0.083 (0.008)

Cs.Th (mm)

0.083 (0.003)

0.082 (0.006)

0.080 (0.004)

0.082 (0.002)

  1. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Bolded values indicate significant interactions were detected by 2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc analyses. A Student’s t-test was used to detect significant differences based on (i) Surgery (e.g., Ground + Sham vs. Ground + Surgery or Flight + Sham vs. Flight + Surgery, p < 0.05, designated by*) or (ii) gravity (e.g., Ground + Sham vs. Flight + Sham or Ground + Surgery vs. Flight + Surgery, p < 0.05, designated by†). BV = Bone volume; TV = Tissue volume; Tb.Th = Trabecular thickness; Tb.N = Trabecular number; Tb.Sp = Trabecular spacing; B.Ar = Bone area; T.Ar = Tissue area; M.Ar = Marrow area; Cs.Th = Cross-sectional thickness.
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