Table 3 Bone parameters for the axial skeleton (calvarium, mandible, and incisor) as measured by µCT.

From: The effects of spaceflight and fracture healing on distant skeletal sites

Parameters

Ground

Flight

Sham

Surgery

Sham

Surgery

Calvarium (parietal)

BV (mm3)

0.055 (0.005)

0.054 (0.003)

0.053 (0.003)

0.053 (0.005)

Width (mm)

0.164 (0.017)

0.166 (0.008)

0.156 (0.011)

0.155 (0.012)

Mandible

B.Ar/T.Ar (%)

69 (2)

68 (2)

68 (2)

69 (1)

M.Ar (mm2)

0.61 (0.05)

0.63 (0.04)

0.63 (0.05)

0.61 (0.03)

T.Ar (mm2)

1.96 (0.08)

1.94 (0.02)

1.96 (0.06)

1.95 (0.05)

B.Ar (mm2)

1.34 (0.04)

1.31 (0.02)

1.32 (0.05)

1.33 (0.04)

CEJ-ABC (mm)

0.204 (0.036)

0.192 (0.008)

0.193 (0.025)

0.221 (0.027)

Incisor

[E + D]Ar/T.Ar (%)

82 (6)

80 (9)

75 (6)†

82 (5)

T.Ar (mm2)

0.468 (0.015)

0.466 (0.005)

0.474 (0.012)

0.481 (0.015)

[E + D]Ar (mm2)

0.38 (0.03)

0.38 (0.03)

0.36 (0.03)

0.39 (0.04)

Pu.Ar (mm2)

0.083 (0.027)

0.089 (0.030)

0.116 (0.027)†

0.087 ± (0.023)

  1. Values are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (SD). Bolded values indicate significant interactions were detected by 2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc analyses (no significant differences were detected). A Student’s t-test was used to detect significant differences based on (i) Surgery (e.g., Ground + Sham vs. Ground + Surgery or Flight + Sham vs. Flight + Surgery) (no significant differences were detected) or (ii) gravity (e.g., Ground + Sham vs. Flight + Sham or Ground + Surgery vs. Flight + Surgery, p < 0.05, designated by†). BV = Bone volume; TV = Tissue volume; B.Ar = Bone area; T.Ar = Tissue area; M.Ar = Marrow area; CEJ-ABC = Cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest; [E + D]Ar = [enamel + dentin] area; Pu.Ar = Dental pulp area.
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