Table 2 Characteristics of the study population according to child overweight at seven or 11 years of age.
From: Antibiotic use during pregnancy and childhood overweight: A population-based nationwide cohort study
n | Overweight at seven or 11 years of age | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||
Mean ± SD or n (%) | Mean ± SD or n (%) | |||
Maternal age at birth, years | 43,365 | 30.2 ± 4.2 | 30.1 ± 4.3 | 0.22 |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, kg/m2 | 41,057 | 23.1 ± 3.8 | 25.6 ± 5.0 | <0.001 |
Maternal diabetes, n (%) | 41,871 | 306 (0.8) | 68 (1.3) | <0.001 |
Smoking in pregnancy | 41,583 | <0.001 | ||
Non-smokers | 28,362 (77.7) | 3483 (68.4) | ||
1–10 cigarettes per day | 6384 (17.5) | 1189 (23.3) | ||
>10 cigarettes per day | 1743 (4.8) | 422 (8.3) | ||
Parity ≥1, n (%) | 41,662 | 18,214 (49.8) | 2764 (54.2) | <0.001 |
Family education/occupational class, n (%) | 39,739 | <0.001 | ||
Highest level | 25,086 (71.9) | 2941 (60.9) | ||
Middle level | 9000 (25.8) | 1684 (34.9) | ||
Lowest level | 823 (2.4) | 205 (4.2) | ||
Gestational age at birth, days | 43,365 | 281.9 ± 8.8 | 282.1 ± 9.0 | 0.06 |
Child gender, girls, n (%) | 43,365 | 18,448 (48.5) | 2764 (52.1) | <0.001 |
Weekly gestational weight gain, kg | 34,994 | 0.38 ± 0.13 | 0.38 ± 0.16 | 0.36 |
Paternal BMI, kg/m2 | 32,999 | 24.9 ± 3.0 | 26.5 ± 3.6 | <0.001 |
Birth weight, kg | 43,365 | 3.6 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
Cesarean section, n (%) | 43,365 | 5179 (13.6) | 826 (15.6) | <0.001 |
Breastfeeding, n (%) | 30,436 | |||
0.0–19.9 weeks | 6760 (25.3) | 1231 (32.9) | <0.001 | |
20.0–31.9 weeks | 4892 (18.3) | 629 (16.8) | ||
32.0–39.9 weeks | 6239 (23.4) | 770 (20.6) | ||
40.0–95.0 weeks | 8807 (33.0) | 1108 (29.6) | ||
