Table 1 Mean values and standard errors (in parentheses) of the response variables for each experimental condition.

From: Contactless actuation of perfluorinated ionomer membranes in salt solution: an experimental investigation

Conditions

Features extracted

Width

Molarity [M]

Voltage [V]

Peak current [A]

Charge [C]

Time to reach peak displacement [s]

Peak displacement [μ m]

Solution

0.1

0.5

0.0751 (0.0008)

0.0061 (0.0000)

NA

NA

Solution

0.1

1

0.1644 (0.0017)

0.0155 (0.0002)

NA

NA

Solution

0.5

0.5

0.0996 (0.0017)

0.0067 (0.0001)

NA

NA

Solution

0.5

1

0.2294 (0.0034)

0.0162 (0.0002)

NA

NA

Thin

0.1

0.5

0.0753 (0.0007)

0.0062 (0.0001)

0.6479 (0.0177)

29.2382 (1.4374)

Thin

0.1

1

0.1644 (0.0016)

0.0155 (0.0002)

0.6773 (0.0194)

61.3270 (2.3871)

Thin

0.5

0.5

0.0989 (0.0016)

0.0069 (0.0001)

0.5881 (0.0177)

22.7745 (1.2696)

Thin

0.5

1

0.2295 (0.0034)

0.0162 (0.0002)

0.5898 (0.0084)

59.9663 (2.3843)

Wide

0.1

0.5

0.0750 (0.0007)

0.0062 (0.0001)

0.7783 (0.0300)

22.7464 (1.6733)

Wide

0.1

1

0.1644 (0.0016)

0.0156 (0.0002)

0.8076 (0.0301)

51.9413 (3.0034)

Wide

0.5

0.5

0.0974 (0.0015)

0.0068 (0.0001)

0.6871 (0.0212)

24.5806 (1.8750)

Wide

0.5

1

0.2251 (0.0031)

0.0160 (0.0002)

0.7120 (0.0211)

58.2381 (2.9976)

  1. NA indicates not available data, corresponding to the four control conditions in the absence of the ionomer membrane.