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(a) An SEM micrograph of the cross section of the chip. Scale bar 115 µm. (b) The FFGs used in our previous 10k-VLSDI 1.0 chip20. Scale bar 80 µm. (e) FFGs used in this work, VLSDI 2.0, where the device footprint has been scaled down by a factor of two compared to the prior work19. Scale bar 80 µm.