Figure 4

Forest plots summarizing results from induced (acute stress) studies (A), chronic stress studies (B), studies where stress was inferred through observation (C) or assessed by the subject (D), studies where the stressor had passed (E), and studies featuring subjects with PTSD (F). The number of subjects in the studies are listed with the control group last. Summary estimates (Hedges’ g) were constructed using the DerSimonian-Laird approach and are reported with 95% CI.