Table 4 Primary glaucoma and POAG incidence risk with external γ-dose, neutron dose and γ + neutron dose.

From: Glaucoma incidence risk in a cohort of Mayak PA workers occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation

Analysis type

Total primary glaucoma

POAG

ERR/Gy (95% CI)

p valuea

ERR/Gy (95% CI)

p valuea

Incidence risk associated with brain absorbed dose from external γ-rays i

Baseline analysisb, 5 year lag

0.01 (−0.13, 0.19)

>0.50

0.0003 (−0.13, 0.19)

>0.50

Sensitivity analysis b , in which the first x years following the start of radiation work were assigned to a “zero dose” category when lagging doses by x years

0 year lag

0.01 (−0.13, 0.19)

>0.50

0.001 (−0.13, 0.19)

>0.50

10 year lag

0.002 (−0.13, 0.19)

>0.50

−0.003 (−0.14, 0.19)

>0.50

15 year lag

−0.001 (−0.13, 0.19)

>0.50

−0.005 (−0.14, 0.18)

>0.50

20 year lag

−0.01 (−0.15, 0.17)

>0.50

−0.02 (−0.15, 0.17)

>0.50

Sensitivity analysis – exclusion stratification, 5 year lag:

By hypertension

−0.01 (−0.13, 0.17)

>0.50

−0.01 (−0.14, 0.17)

>0.50

By BMI

0.01 (−0.12, 0.19)

>0.50

0.01 (−0.12, 0.20)

>0.50

By diabetes mellitus

0.03 (−0.11, 0.22)

>0.50

0.02 (−0.12, 0.21)

>0.50

By neutron dose

0.01 (−0.12, 0.20)

>0.50

0.01 (−0.13, 0.19)

>0.50

Sensitivity analysis – additional stratification, 5 year lag:

By smoking index

0.01 (−0.13, 0.20)

>0.50

−0.001 (−0.14, 0.20)

>0.50

By smoking and alcohol

0.07 (−0.10, 0.32)

0.48

0.06 (−0.11, 0.30)

>0.50

By cataract

−0.04 (−0.16, 0.12)

>0.50

−0.05 (−0.17, 0.11)

0.46

By cataract surgery

0.01 (−0.13, 0.20)

>0.50

0.004 (−0.13, 0.20)

>0.50

Sensitivity analysis b – analysis restricted to workers, 5 year lag:

Males

−0.05 (−0.19, 0.16)

>0.50

−0.05 (−0.20, 0.15)

>0.50

Females

0.16 (−0.13, 0.63)

0.38

0.15 (−0.14, 0.63)

0.42

p valuec

0.27

0.28

Attained age

<50 years

3.24 (−2.41, 61.08)

0.35

1.22 (−1.35, 57.68)

>0.50

50–59 years

−0.13 (n/a, 0.41)

0.47

−0.07 (−0.44, 0.58)

>0.50

60–69 years

−0.03 (−0.21, 0.26)

>0.50

−0.02 (−0.20, 0.28)

>0.50

≥70 years

0.06 (−0.16, 0.41)

>0.50

0.02 (−0.20, 0.37)

>0.50

p valued

0.38

>0.50

p valuee

0.49

>0.50

Age at first employment

<30 years

−0.03 (−0.16, 0.18)

>0.50

−0.03 (−0.17, 0.17)

>0.50

30–40 years

−0.19 (n/a, 0.71)

0.23

−0.18 (n/a, 0.72)

0.25

≥40 years

2.98 (−2.31, 26.99)

0.28

1.81 (−1.55, 17.67)

>0.50

p valuef

0.27

0.31

Incidence risk associated with brain absorbed dose from neutrons j

Sensitivity analysisg, 5 year lag

22.83 (−33.20, 150.80)

>0.50

23.64 (−33.77, 154.10)

>0.50

Incidence risk associated with the unweighted sum of brain absorbed γ + neutron dose i

Sensitivity analysish, 5 year lag

0.01 (−0.12, 0.19)

>0.50

−0.01 (−0.14, 0.17)

>0.50

  1. Notes: BMI, body mass index. DM, diabetes mellitus. ERR, excess relative risk. CI, confidence interval estimated using the profile likelihood. n/a, not available. POAG, primary open-angle glaucoma.
  2. ap values of improvement in fit over null model (with no trend in dose) are given, assessed via the Wald statistics.
  3. bStratified by sex, attained age, birth cohort, diagnosed with hypertension, BMI, diagnosed with DM and neutron dose.
  4. cTested for heterogeneity between males and females, assessed via the likelihood ratio test.
  5. dTested for heterogeneity between groups of workers of different attained age, assessed via the likelihood ratio test.
  6. eTested for a log-linear trend in the ERR/Gy with attained age, assessed via the likelihood ratio test.
  7. fTested for heterogeneity between groups of workers of different age at first employment, assessed via the likelihood ratio test.
  8. gStratified by sex, attained age, birth cohort, diagnosed with hypertension, BMI, diagnosed with DM and dose from external γ-ray.
  9. hStratified by sex, attained age, birth cohort, diagnosed with hypertension, BMI, diagnosed with DM.
  10. iFor all workers.
  11. jFor workers with neutron exposure.