Table 1 Background data for the two groups of participants.

From: Visual short-term memory binding deficit with age-related hearing loss in cognitively normal older adults

 

HLG M (SD)

CG M (SD)

p

Demographic

N

25

18

—

Age

72.56 (5.79)

69.11 (6.63)

0.08

Sex (female/male)

14/11

14/4

0.25

Education (years)

13.58 (3.62)

14.44 (3.09)

0.42

Education (level)

2.8 (0.76)

2.94 (0.73)

0.45

Audiological

WHO better ear PTA

49.9 (17.23)

13.61 (6.61)

<0.001

WHO worse ear PTA

63.2 (25.76)

19.17 (8.73)

<0.001

Low freq. better ear PTA

54.64 (13.29)

12.64 (9.38)

<0.001

Low freq. worse ear PTA

68.93 (18.62)

19.89 (17.47)

<0.001

High freq. better ear PTA

75.6 (14.8)

34.02 (16.56)

<0.001

High freq. worse ear PTA

90.12 (21.41)

42.87 (19.36)

<0.001

Self-rated hearing (HHIE-S)

20.0 (8.43)

4.44 (6.49)

<0.001

Health and psychosocial function

Self-rated physical health

3.52 (1.01)

3.83 (1.04)

0.34

Self-rated mental health

3.96 (0.84)

3.94 (1.11)

0.89

Physical inactivity level

2.04 (1.02)

2 (0.77)

0.97

Alcohol consumption (yes/no)

19/6

14/4

>0.99

Alcohol units (per wk)

8.49 (7.11)

12.64 (11.74)

0.26

Smoker current (yes/no)

1/24

0/18

>0.99

Smoker former (yes/no)

10/15

7/11

>0.99

Sleep quality (PSQI)

5.24 (3.02)

4.78 (2.53)

0.66

Pre-morbid IQ (NART)

112.87 (6.62)

115.17 (5.38)

0.23

Self-rated memory

3.32 (0.85)

3.56 (0.86)

0.35

Frailty (SHARE score)

0.26 (0.87)

0.21 (1.07)

0.69

Depression (CESD-10)

4.24 (3.02)

4.83 (4.46)

0.95

Anxiety (HADS-A)

3.48 (2.58)

3.83 (3.5)

0.96

Apathy (AES-S)

26.92 (4.65)

27.83 (7.21)

0.9

Social network (LSNS)

20.56 (5.55)

19.5 (6.17)

0.9

Loneliness (DJGLS)

0.32 (0.69)

0.83 (1.62)

0.39

Boredom proneness (Conroy)

1.36 (0.57)

1.61 (0.7)

0.21

Perceived stress (PSS-4)

3.08 (2.18)

2.33 (2.72)

0.14

  1. Means (M) and standard deviations (SD) for the control group (CG) and the hearing loss group (HLG) on background data. AES-S, Apathy Evaluation Scale – Self-rated; CESD-10, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale – 10 item; Conroy, Conroy Boredom proneness; DJGLS, 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety subscale; HHIE-S, Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version; LSNS, Lubben Social Network Scale; NART, National Adult Reading Test; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSS-4, Perceived Stress Scale-4 item; PTA, Pure-tone average; SHARE, Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe Frailty Instrument; WHO, World Health Organisation.
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