Table 2 Neuropsychological data for the two groups of participants.

From: Visual short-term memory binding deficit with age-related hearing loss in cognitively normal older adults

 

HLG M (SD)

CG M (SD)

p

Current sleepiness

Stanford Sleepiness Scale

1.72 (0.89)

1.89 (0.9)

0.48

Episodic memory

FCSRT immediate free recall

33.28 (7.19)

34.39 (4.35)

0.53

FCSRT immediate total recall

47.64 (1.41)

48 (0)

0.13

FCSRT delayed free recall

12.52 (2.74)

12.11 (2.06)

0.6

FCSRT delayed total recall

15.92 (0.4)

16 (0)

0.4

WMS-III spatial span forward

7.08 (2.04)

7 (1.82)

0.9

Composite z-score

0.004 (0.85)

−0.01 (0.58)

0.97

Executive function

CAMDEX VR

3.68 (1.15)

3.83 (1.25)

0.68

SART commission errors

3.12 (2.37)

3.89 (2.97)

0.47

SART omission errors

6.24 (5.61)

10.33 (10.34)

0.25

SART total errors

9.36 (7.4)

14.22 (11.56)

0.18

Phon. fluency (MoCA)

15.04 (4.79)

14.22 (4.17)

0.56

WMS-III SS backward

6.44 (1.76)

6.67 (1.82)

0.68

WMS-III SS total

13.52 (3.33)

13.67 (3.2)

0.89

Composite z-score

0.06 (0.59)

−0.08 (0.7)

0.47

Processing speed

CRT motor MRT (ms)

302.97 (76.65)

297.30 (56.19)

0.91

CRT cognitive MRT (ms)

485.57 (66.29)

501.85 (66.15)

0.36

CRT total MRT (ms)

788.46 (85.07)

797.43 (84.53)

0.74

SART MRT (ms)

334.13 (82.29)

319.14 (62.53)

0.6

Language

BNT

55.64 (3.6)

56.5 (2.33)

0.59

Semantic fluency (animals)

22.84 (5.45)

22.83 (6.36)

>0.99

Composite z-score

−0.06 (0.87)

0.08 (0.69)

0.59

Visuospatial ability

MCG complex figure copy

24.22 (4.38)

27.06 (4.5)

0.045

Global cognition

MoCA

25.96 (2.85)

26 (2.74)

0.96

MoCA adj.

17.72 (1.79)

17.72 (2.02)

>0.99

Composite global z-score +

−0.04 (0.53)

0.06 (0.42)

0.51

  1. Means (M) and standard deviation (SD) for the control group (CG) and the hearing loss group (HLG) on the neuropsychological data. +Composite global z-score calculated from the mean of the composite scores for episodic memory (except FCSRT total scores), executive functions (except SART and WMS-III spatial span total scores) and language, and from processing speed (CRT total MRT), and visuospatial ability. BNT, Boston Naming Test 60-item version; CAMDEX VR, Cambridge Mental Disorders of the Elderly Examination battery Visual Reasoning subtest; CRT, choice-reaction time test which included motor, cognitive and total mean reaction times (MRT) in milliseconds (ms); FCSRT, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with free and total (cued) recall scores; MCG, Medical College of Georgia Complex Figure copy test; MoCA, Montreal cognitive Assessment with an adjusted score (audiological items removed); SART, Sustained Attention to Response Task commission, omission and total error scores and mean reaction time (MRT) in milliseconds (ms); WMS-III, Wechsler Memory Scale-III spatial span forward, backward and total scores.
Back to article page