Figure 10

Transwell invasiveness of HT29 and SW480 cells in treatments with bacopaside II, AqB011, and combined agents. Box plots depicting cell invasiveness at 24 hours for HT29 (A) and SW480 (B) cells treated with AqB011 (row 1), bacopaside II (row 2), or both (row 3). (A) HT29 cell invasiveness was inhibited by AqB011 (10 to 80 μM). In contrast, bacopaside II (10 and 15 μM) potentiated HT29 invasiveness. Combined treatment blocked invasiveness, overriding the potentiation effect. (B) SW480 cell invasiveness was inhibited by AqB011 only at the highest dose tested (80 μM), and potentiated by bacopaside II (15 μM). Combined treatment partially counteracted the potentiation effect. (C) Images of HT29 and SW480 show cells that successfully crossed the ECM-like layer to reach the trans-side of the chamber in treatments with vehicle, AqB011 80 μM, or bacopaside II 15 μM. (D) Histograms showing the reduced invasiveness of HT29 and SW480 cells in the absence of ECM (no matrix gel; NMG), or in the absence of a serum gradient (no serum; NS), as compared with vehicle controls (vehicle) having both a serum gradient and ECM. (E) Untreated HT29 cells were significantly more invasive than SW480 cells. n-values are shown in italics above the y-axis (or in panel E, within the histogram bars).