Table 5 Distribution of duration of specific coffee product and its association with breast cancer riska.

From: Associations between Coffee Products and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case-Control study in Hong Kong Chinese Women

Duration of coffee consumption, n (%)

Controls (N = 1 013)

Cases (N = 1 156)

Crude OR (95% CI)bc

Adjusted OR (95% CI)bcd

Overall coffee

Non-habitual coffee drinker

834 (82.3)

917 (79.3)

1.00

1.00

5–10 years

81 (8.0)

107 (9.3)

1.20 (0.89–1.63)

1.15 (0.81–1.63)

>10 years

98 (9.7)

131 (11.3)

1.21 (0.92–1.60)

1.10 (0.80–1.53)

Instant coffee

Non-habitual coffee drinker

900 (89.8)

974 (84.3)

1.00

1.00

5–10 years

52 (5.1)

83 (7.2)

1.48 (1.03–2.11)

1.45 (0.97–2.17)

>10 years

61 (6.0)

99 (8.6)

1.50 (1.08–2.09)

1.48 (1.01–2.17)

Two/Three in one

   Non-habitual coffee drinker

998 (98.5)

1 119 (96.8)

1.00

1.00

   5–10 years

6 (0.6)

15 (1.3)

2.27 (0.89–5.88)

2.99 (0.94–9.42)

   >10 years

9 (0.9)

22 (1.9)

2.22 (1.02–4.85)

2.23 (0.92–5.43)

Brewed coffee

Non-habitual coffee drinker

954 (94.2)

1 112 (96.2)

1.00

1.00

5–10 years

27 (2.7)

20 (1.7)

0.67 (0.38–1.21)

0.66 (0.35–1.26)

>10 years

32 (3.2)

23 (2.0)

0.65 (0.38–1.13)

0.40 (0.21–0.77)

Homemade coffee

   Non-habitual coffee drinker

989 (97.6)

1 130 (97.8)

1.00

1.00

   5–10 years

13 (1.3)

13 (1.1)

0.87 (0.40–1.90)

0.89 (0.38–2.07)

   >10 years

12 (1.2)

13 (1.1)

0.95 (0.43–2.09)

0.62 (0.24–1.61)

Restaurant coffee

   Non-habitual coffee drinker

976 (96.3)

1 138 (98.4)

1.00

1.00

   5–10 years

15 (1.5)

7 (0.6)

0.40 (0.16–0.99)

0.44 (0.17–1.11)

   >10 years

21 (2.1)

10 (0.9)

0.41 (0.19–0.87)

0.26 (0.11–0.64)

Others e

Non-habitual coffee drinker

994 (98.1)

1 130 (97.8)

1.00

1.00

5–10 years

8 (0.8)

11 (1.0)

1.21 (0.49–3.02)

1.04 (0.35–3.10)

>10 years

11 (1.1)

15 (1.3)

1.20 (0.55–2.62)

1.18 (0.51–2.71)

  1. aParticipants with missing values were excluded from the analysis.
  2. bThe reference group was defined as the participants who did not have a habitual coffee consumption (i.e., coffee drinking vs. non-coffee drinking; instant coffee drinking vs. non- coffee drinking).
  3. cParticipants who drank both instant coffee and brewed coffee were excluded in the logistic regression models.
  4. dAdjusted for age at interview, educational attainment, family breast cancer history, previous history of benign breast diseases, body mass index (BMI), shift work experiences, smoking status, alcohol and tea drinking consumption, and deep fried food and green vegetable consumption.
  5. eOther coffee referred to those who drank decaffeinated coffee or had no preferable coffee products.
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