Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Omega-3 fatty acids decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in macrophages from patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm

Figure 2

Cytokine concentrations in macrophage supernatants obtained from control participants and AAA patients. Control DHA-supplemented non-stimulated macrophages (20 μM n = 5–9; 80 μM, n = 7–10) produced lower levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; A), interleukin-6 (IL-6; C), interleukin-1 β (IL-β; E) and interleukin-10 (IL-10; I) compared to non-supplemented macrophages. DHA supplementation of AAA non-stimulated patient macrophages (20 μM n = 6–7; 80 μM, n = 8–10) decreased the production of TNF-α (B), IL-6 (D) and IL-10 (J). A trend toward decreased levels of IL-β (F; 20 μM n = 7; 80 μM n = 10) was observed. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels in both control (G) and AAA (H) macrophages were unaffected by DHA supplementation. *p < 0.05.

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