Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: Pioglitazone treatment prior to transplantation improves the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells after traumatic brain injury in rats

Figure 2

hMSC or PG + hMSC combination treatments reduce brain damage and neuroinflammation 35 days after TBI. Representative images of brain sections (A) or histograms showing image J quantitation. (B) Thionin images are low magnification images (scale bar 500 µ), showing tissue loss. The average tissue loss is expressed as lesion volume (mm3) in the histogram. Remaining panels in A show degenerating cells and fibers (FJ panel), microgliosis (Iba1 panel) or astrogliosis (GFAP panel) in the ipsilateral cortex 35 days after TBI. Lesion volume was measured in mm3, FJ and Iba1 were measured by counting positive cells and GFAP was measured by integrated density using image J. Les vol., lesion volume, PG, pioglitazone, hMSC, human mesenchymal stem cells, combo., PG + hMSC combination treatment. Numbers in the parenthesis indicate the number of animals in each group. *p < 0.01, **p < 0.001 vs TBI, ***p < 0.0001. Scale bar 100 µ.

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