Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Pioglitazone treatment prior to transplantation improves the efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cells after traumatic brain injury in rats

Figure 5

Open field or sensorimotor behavior of rats under different experimental conditions. (A) Representative heat maps of the movement of rats in the open field arena. Baseline behavior (Day 0) was recorded before TBI or sham surgeries. Histograms show the average values (mean ± SEM) of anxiety-like behaviors of rats in the open field arena. (B–F) Anxiety-like behavior of rats in the open field, (B) Latency to the first entry to the center zone of the arena, (C) Time spent in the center zone of the arena, (D) Frequency to entry to the center zone, (E) Latency to first immobility in the arena, (F) Number of grooming events. (G) Mean paw withdrawal latency (sec) of the contralateral paw to noxious cold stimulation (mean ± SEM). PG, pioglitazone, hMSC, human mesenchymal stem cells, Combo, PG + hMSC combination treatment. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of animals in each group. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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