Table 2 The comparative assessment of different cellular parameters measured in three classified groups of ID children (mild, moderate and severe).

From: An association study of severity of intellectual disability with peripheral biomarkers of disabled children in a rehabilitation home, Kolkata, India

Parameters

Results

Oxidative stress related biomarkers

LPO of PBMC

Moderate > Mild = Severe

GSH of PBMC

Mild = Moderate; Severe > Moderate

SOD activity of PBMC

Mild > Moderate = Severe

LPO of RBC membrane

Severe > Moderate > Mild

GSH of RBC

Mild > Moderate > Severe

SOD activity of RBC

Mild > Moderate > Severe

Serum ROS level

Severe > Moderate > Mild

Serum homocysteine level

Severe > Moderate > Mild

Neurotransmitters

Serum glutamate level

Severe > Moderate > Mild

Serum GABA level

Mild > Moderate = Severe

Serum serotonin level

Mild = Severe > Moderate

Serum dopamine level

Mild > Moderate > Severe

Metabolic molecules

Serum lactate level

Severe > Moderate > Mild

Serum LDH-A expression

Severe > Moderate > Mild

RBC structural protein

β-actin expression

Mild = Moderate = Severe

Neurotrophic factor

Serum BDNF expression

Mild = Moderate = Severe

Inflammatory molecules

TNF-α

Mild = Moderate = Severe

IL-6

Mild = Moderate = Severe

Haematological parameters

Haemoglobin

Mild > Severe; Mild = Moderate

HCT

Mild = Moderate > Severe

MCV

Severe > Moderate = Mild

Neutrophil

Mild < Moderate > Severe

Lymphocyte

Mild > Moderate < Severe

Lipid profile

Triglyceride

Severe > Moderate > Mild

Total cholesterol

Mild < Moderate > Severe

LDL-C

Severe > Moderate > Mild

HDL-C

Mild > Moderate > Severe

VLDL-C

Severe > Moderate > Mild

Clinical and liver function related parameters

Urea

Mild = Moderate < Severe

Globulin

Mild < Moderate = Severe

A/G ratio

Mild > Moderate = Severe

  1. Parameters are analyzed by ANCOVA (using age as the covariate) followed by correction for multiple testing (Bonferroni correction). The symbol “>” represents the level of one particular parameter in one group is greater compared to others. Conversely, the symbol “<” represents the level of one particular parameter in one group is lower compared to other two groups. Symbol “=” represents no statistical differences are found in between groups.