Table 1 Baseline Patient Characteristics (n = 108).

Age, years

56 ± 14

54 ± 7

55 ± 10

0.880

Female

10

3

7

0.058

Height, cm

1.7 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

1.7 ± 0.1

0.973

Weight, kg

76.8 ± 13.0

82.1 ± 12.0

77.6 ± 12.5

0.341

Body mass index, kg/m²

26.1 ± 3.2

27.6 ± 3.5

26.2 ± 3.4

0.235

Paroxysmal AF

39

6

14

0.002

Persistent AF

16

12

21

0.002

Duration of AF, months (median, IQR)

24, 12–84

18, 5–62

24, 6–120

0.331

NYHA grade (mean ± SD)

2.7 ± 0.8

3.1 ± 0.8

2.7 ± 0.8

<0.001

II

30

5

18

III

13

6

9

IV

12

7

8

Diabetes mellitus

3

4

4

0.119

Hypertension

10

7

13

0.076

Hypercholesterolemia

14

5

7

0.775

Alcohol excess

14

8

10

0.305

Smoking

24

7

16

0.893

OSAHS

1

1

3

0.324

CHA₂DS₂-VaSc score

1.3 ± 1.1

1.6 ± 1.2

1.4 ± 1.3

0.595

ACE inhibitor or ARB

10

18

22

<0.001

Beta-blocker

11

5

12

0.315

Calcium-channel blocker

11

4

9

0.817

Diuretics

3

18

11

<0.001

Statin

15

4

8

0.856

Warfarin

22

9

18

0.518

NOAC

22

9

16

0.721

Class I anti-arrhythmic

15

10

18

0.024

Class III anti-arrhythmic

6

6

12

0.016