Table 1 General characteristics of the study population.
Variable | All (n = 556) | Male (n = 353) | Female (n = 203) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 288) | Cases (n = 268) | p-value | Control (n = 181) | Cases (n = 172) | p-value | Control (n = 107) | Cases (n = 96) | p-value | |
Age (y) | 51.53 ± 7.21 | 53.68 ± 9.60 | 0.003 | 52.07 ± 6.46 | 54.69 ± 8.86 | 0.002 | 50.62 ± 8.29 | 51.86 ± 10.59 | 0.355 |
<50 | 114 (39.58) | 93 (34.70) | 0.234 | 65 (35.91) | 52 (30.23) | 0.257 | 49 (45.79) | 41 (42.71) | 0.657 |
≥50 | 174 (60.42) | 175 (65.30) | 116 (64.09) | 120 (69.77) | 58 (54.21) | 55 (57.29) | |||
Gender [n (%)] | 0.745 | ||||||||
Male | 181 (62.85) | 172 (64.18) | |||||||
Female | 107 (37.15) | 96 (35.82) | |||||||
Body Mass index (kg/m²) [n (%)] | 23.99 ± 3.11 | 23.91 ± 3.02 | 0.747 | 24.48 ± 3.04 | 24.30 ± 2.85 | 0.573 | 23.18 ± 3.07 | 23.21 ± 3.20 | 0.939 |
<23 | 113 (39.24) | 107 (39.93) | 0.863 | 58 (32.04) | 58 (33.72) | 0.931 | 55 (51.40) | 49 (51.04) | 0.802 |
23–25 | 81 (28.13) | 70 (26.12) | 51 (28.18) | 46 (26.74) | 30 (28.04) | 24 (25.00) | |||
≥25 | 94 (32.64) | 91 (33.96) | 72 (39.78) | 68 (39.53) | 22 (20.56) | 23 (23.96) | |||
Missing | |||||||||
Smoking status [n (%)] | 0.006 | 0.006 | 0.243 | ||||||
Current smoker | 51 (17.71) | 78 (29.10) | 50 (27.62) | 75 (43.60) | 1 (0.93) | 3 (3.13) | |||
Ex-smoker | 98 (34.03) | 80 (29.85) | 95 (52.49) | 74 (43.02) | 3 (2.80) | 6 (6.25) | |||
Nonsmoker | 139 (48.26) | 109 (40.67) | 36 (19.89) | 23 (13.37) | 103 (96.26) | 86 (89.58) | |||
Missing | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.37) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.04) | |||||
Alcohol consumption [n (%)] | 0.559 | 0.618 | 0.860 | ||||||
Current drinker | 184 (63.89) | 163 (60.82) | 137 (75.69) | 123 (71.51) | 47 (43.93) | 40 (41.67) | |||
Ex-drinker | 21 (7.29) | 26 (9.70) | 17 (9.39) | 21 (12.21) | 4 (3.74) | 5 (5.21) | |||
Nondrinker | 83 (28.82) | 78 (29.10) | 27 (14.92) | 28 (16.28) | 56 (52.34) | 50 (52.08) | |||
Missing | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.37) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.04) | |||||
Family history of gastric cancer | 0.003 | 0.015 | 0.112 | ||||||
Yes | 34 (11.81) | 56 (20.90) | 25 (13.81) | 41 (23.84) | 9 (8.41) | 15 (15.63) | |||
No | 254 (88.19) | 211 (78.73) | 156 (86.19) | 130 (75.58) | 98 (91.59) | 81 (84.38) | |||
Missing | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.37) | |||||||
Regular exercise [n (%)] | <0.001 | 0.079 | <0.001 | ||||||
Yes | 150 (52.08) | 95 (35.45) | 89 (49.17) | 69 (40.12) | 61 (57.01) | 26 (27.08) | |||
No | 137 (47.57) | 173 (64.55) | 91 (50.28) | 103 (59.88) | 46 (42.99) | 70 (72.92) | |||
Missing | 1 (0.35) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.55) | 0 (0.00) | |||||
Educational level [n (%)] | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | ||||||
Middle school | 42 (14.58) | 92 (34.33) | 25 (13.81) | 58 (33.72) | 17 (15.89) | 34 (35.42) | |||
High school | 86 (29.86) | 116 (43.28) | 43 (23.76) | 77 (44.77) | 43 (40.19) | 39 (40.63) | |||
College or more | 148 (51.39) | 58 (21.64) | 103 (56.91) | 36 (20.93) | 45 (42.06) | 22 (22.92) | |||
Missing | 12 (4.17) | 2 (0.75) | 10 (5.52) | 1 (0.58) | 2 (1.87) | 1 (1.04) | |||
Occupation [n (%)] | 0.037 | 0.004 | 0.017 | ||||||
Group1:Professionals, administrative management | 60 (20.83) | 44 (16.42) | 45 (24.86) | 37 (21.51) | 15 (14.02) | 7 (7.29) | |||
Group2:Office, Sales and service positions | 98 (34.03) | 72 (26.87) | 74 (40.88) | 46 (26.74) | 24 (22.43) | 26 (27.08) | |||
Group3:Agriculture, laborer | 47 (16.32) | 65 (24.25) | 43 (23.76) | 51 (29.65) | 4 (3.74) | 14 (14.58) | |||
Group4:Unemployment and others | 83 (28.82) | 85 (31.72) | 19 (10.50) | 37 (21.51) | 64 (59.81) | 48 (50.00) | |||
Missing | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.75) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.58) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.04) | |||
Marital status [n (%)] | 0.319 | 0.249 | 0.864 | ||||||
Married | 245 (85.07) | 234 (87.31) | 157 (86.74) | 155 (90.12) | 88 (82.24) | 79 (82.29) | |||
Others (single, divorced, separated, widowed, cohabitating) | 43 (14.93) | 32 (11.94) | 24 (13.26) | 16 (9.30) | 19 (17.76) | 16 (16.67) | |||
Missing | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.75) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.58) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.04) | |||
Monthly income[n (%)]* | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.084 | ||||||
<200 | 46 (15.97) | 79 (29.48) | 21 (11.60) | 49 (28.49) | 25 (23.36) | 30 (31.25) | |||
200–400 | 114 (39.58) | 101 (37.69) | 80 (44.20) | 70 (40.70) | 34 (31.78) | 31 (32.29) | |||
≥400 | 110 (38.19) | 59 (22.01) | 64 (35.36) | 34 (19.77) | 46 (42.99) | 25 (26.04) | |||
Missing | 18 (6.25) | 29 (10.82) | 16 (8.84) | 19 (11.05) | 2 (1.87) | 10 (10.42) | |||
H. pylori infection | <0.001 | 0.008 | 0.004 | ||||||
Positive | 269 (93.40) | 267 (99.63) | 171 (94.48) | 171 (99.42) | 98 (91.59) | 96 (100.00) | |||
Negative | 19 (6.60) | 1 (0.37) | 10 (5.52) | 1 (0.58) | 9 (8.41) | 0 (0.00) | |||
Missing | |||||||||
Supplements use [n(%)] | 0.416 | 0.342 | 0.892 | ||||||
Yes | 159 (55.21) | 157 (58.58) | 92 (50.83) | 96 (55.81) | 67 (62.62) | 61 (63.54) | |||
No | 127 (44.10) | 109 (40.67) | 87 (48.07) | 74 (43.02) | 40 (37.38) | 35 (36.46) | |||
Missing | 2 (0.69) | 2 (0.75) | 2 (1.10) | 2 (1.16) | |||||
Lauren’s classification | NA | NA | NA | ||||||
Intestinal | NA | 105 (39.18) | NA | 89 (51.74) | NA | 16 (16.67) | |||
Diffuse | NA | 109 (40.67) | NA | 51 (29.65) | NA | 58 (60.42) | |||
Mixed | NA | 36 (13.43) | NA | 21 (12.21) | NA | 15 (15.63) | |||
Missing | NA | 18 (6.72) | NA | 11 (6.40) | NA | 7 (7.29) | |||
Total Energy intake (Kcal/day) | 1766.35 ± 554.67 | 1934.24 ± 624.91 | <0.001 | 1839.30 ± 542.53 | 2057.70 ± 643.65 | 0.001 | 1642.95 ± 555.62 | 1713.03 ± 524.18 | 0.358 |
Shannon index | 1.38 ± 1.09 | 1.06 ± 0.82 | <0.001 | 1.37 ± 1.03 | 1.16 ± 0.86 | 0.013 | 1.40 ± 1.17 | 0.89 ± 0.72 | <0.001 |
