Figure 4
Multiple mTBI increased IBA1, BAX, iNOS immunoreactivity in the lesioned cortex and increased PER1 mRNA expression in hypothalamus and hippocampus. (A,B) Brain tissue was collected at 48 hr after the last mTBI. (A) In the lesioned side cortex (open bars), mTBI1 and mTBI3 significantly increased IBA1 protein expression. No difference was found on the contralateral side cortex (gray bars). (B) mTBI1 and mTBI3 significantly increased BAX expression on the lesioned cortex. (C) mTBI3 significantly increased iNOS expression in the lesioned side cortex. (D,E) Brain tissues were collected for qRT-PCR analysis at 28 hr after the last mTBI. mTBI3 significantly upregulated Per1 expression In hypothalamus (D1) and hippocampus (E1). Per2 expression was not altered by mTBI1 or mTBI2 in hypothalamus (D2) and hippocampus (E2). The expression of target genes (with a modified delta-delta-Ct algorithm) Per1 and Per2 were calculated relative to the endogenous reference gene (Beta-actin and GAPDH average). *p < 0.05, ANOVA. The full length blots for western blot pictures shown in panels (A–C) are presented in Supplemental Fig. S1.
