Figure 5
Fentanyl increases coherences between electrocortical spectral power and diaphragm muscle activity. (A) The coordination of electrocortical activity and diaphragm muscle activity was quantified using wavelet cross spectrum. (B) Wavelet cross spectrum identified frequencies at which electrocortical and diaphragm activities were strongly coordinated after fentanyl was administered. (C) For each power band, the cross-spectrum index was calculated and was significantly increased by fentanyl for δ and θ band powers, but not for α, β1 and β2 powers. Data are presented as mean ± S.E.M. * show means are significantly different from fentanyl with P < 0.05. Dia EMG, diaphragm electromyogram.
