Scientific Reports

Table 2 Effects of modified high-flow tracheal oxygen on ventilation, inspiratory efforts, transpulmonary pressure and work of breathing

From: Additional Expiratory Resistance Elevates Airway Pressure and Lung Volume during High-Flow Tracheal Oxygen via Tracheostomy

	Normal				Injured
	T-piece	HFT	Modified HFT	p	T-piece	HFT	Modified HFT	p
RR (breaths/min)	28 ± 13	30 ± 13	26 ± 14	0.149	48 ± 4	49 ± 4	44 ± 5^a	0.011
Ti (s)	0.8 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.2	0.116	0.5 ± 0.1	0.5 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.694
Te(s)	1.8 ± 0.9	1.6 ± 0.9	1.6 ± 1.0	0.109	0.8 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	0.694
V_T (mL)	228 ± 36	216 ± 44	231 ± 40	0.475	195 ± 27	180 ± 24	190 ± 23	0.159
MV (L/min)	6.2 ± 3.0	6.2 ± 1.9	5.5 ± 2.3	0.203	9.2 ± 1.2	8.7 ± 1.0	8.2 ± 1.2	0.194
PIF (mL/s)	504 ± 146	487 ± 153	432 ± 81	0.209	632 ± 127	572 ± 128^a	501 ± 130^a,b	0.005
PEF (mL/s)	593 ± 104	536 ± 114^a	462 ± 52^a,b	0.047	526 ± 31	480 ± 33^a	445 ± 52^a,b	0.008
Intrinsic PEEP (cmH₂O)	0.2 ± 0.2	0.1 ± 0.2	0.2 ± 0.2	0.086	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.0	0.0 ± 0.1	0.605
∆P_es (cmH₂O)	5.7 ± 2.3	5.0 ± 2.1	5.9 ± 2.1	0.131	6.2 ± 1.1	6.4 ± 1.8	6.8 ± 2.2	0.372
∆P_L (cmH₂O)	5.3 ± 2.2	4.7 ± 2.0	5.7 ± 1.5	0.146	6.0 ± 1.8	6.4 ± 1.9	7.1 ± 2.3	0.078
PTP (cmH₂O × s)	3.9 ± 2.1	3.1 ± 1.3	3.6 ± 1.3	0.238	2.8 ± 0.8	2.4 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.9	0.091
PTP_min (cmH₂O × s/min)	93.4 ± 38.4	83.0 ± 30.6	82.4 ± 36.6	0.101	133.6 ± 42.5	117.4 ± 33.7	126.5 ± 39.9	0.176

HFT: high-flow tracheal oxygen; MV: minute ventilation; PEEP: positive end-expiratory pressure; PEF: peak expiratory flow; PIF: peak inspiratory flow; PTP: per-breath pressure time product; PTP_min: averaged pressure time product over a minute; RR: respiratory rate; Ti: inspiratory time; Te: expiratory time; V_T: tidal volume; ∆P_es: esophageal pressure swing during inspiration; ∆P_L: driving transpulmonary pressure.
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation.
^aSignificantly different compared with T-piece.
^bSignificantly different compared with HFT.

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