Table 3 Association estimates between DNA methylation-based risk factors and conventional risk factors from the MCCS and meta-analysis.

From: DNA methylation-based biological age, genome-wide average DNA methylation, and conventional breast cancer risk factors

Associations

MCCS women

MCCS men

AMDTSS + MCCS women

AMDTSS + MCCS women + MCCS men

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)

P

β (95% CI)a

P

Hannum clock

    Age at first live birth

−0.01 (−0.08, 0.06)

0.79

  

−0.04 (−0.10, 0.01)

0.14

  

    Ever smoking

0.41 (−0.20, 1.02)

0.19

0.16 (−0.34, 0.65)

0.53

0.11 (−0.37, 0.60)

0.65

0.08 (−0.28, 0.45)

0.66

Horvath clock

    Body mass index

1.51 (−0.41, 3.43)

0.12

1.37 (−0.68, 3.41)

0.19

1.86 (0.38, 3.33)

0.01

1.69 (0.49, 2.89)

5.6E-03

    Age at menarche

0.13 (−0.08, 0.33)

0.23

  

0.18 (0.02, 0.35)

0.03

  

    Ever smoking

1.03 (0.36, 1.71)

2.8E-03

0.20 (−0.35, 0.74)

0.48

0.77 (0.22, 1.31)

5.8E-03

0.48 (0.10, 0.86)

0.01

Levine clock

    Body mass index

3.03 (0.57, 5.48)

0.02

4.80 (2.27, 7.34)

2.1E-04

3.07 (1.24, 4.90)

1.0E-03

3.66 (2.18, 5.15)

1.3E-06

    Pack-years of smoking

0.28 (−0.26, 0.81)

0.31

0.69 (0.33, 1.04)

1.4E-04

0.54 (0.20, 0.88)

2.1E-03

0.61 (0.36, 0.86)

1.2E-06

    Alcohol drinking

0.09 (−0.75, 0.93)

0.84

0.75 (−0.17, 1.66)

0.11

0.54 (−0.12, 1.19)

0.11

0.61 (0.08, 1.14)

0.02

    Ever smoking

1.22 (0.34, 2.11)

6.9E-03

1.21 (0.54, 1.88)

4.2E-04

0.90 (0.25, 1.58)

0.01

1.06 (0.58, 1.54)

1.4E-05

Genome-wide average DNA methylationa

    Number of live births

0.03 (−0.07, 0.12)

0.56

  

−0.05 (−0.10, 0.004)

0.07

  

    Age at first live birth

0.001 (−0.01, 0.01)

0.85

  

0.01 (0.00, 0.01)

0.04

  

    Ever smoking

−0.06 (−0.14, 0.03)

0.19

−0.04 (−0.09, 0.004)

0.08

−0.04 (−0.09, 0.02)

0.20

−0.04 (−0.07, −0.01)

0.03

  1. β: Regression coefficient; CI: confidence interval.
  2. aValues are reported as percentage methylation.