Table 1 The proportion of children attending for myopia testing at 7 years of age, according to the smoking history of their parents and grandparents.

From: Grandmothers’ smoking in pregnancy is associated with a reduced prevalence of early-onset myopia

Smoking history

Proportion (%) examined at 7

MGM

Ever

3785/7129 (53.1)

Never

3246/5451 (59.5)

MGM

Prenatally

2372/4733 (50.1)

Not prenatally

4627/7790 (59.4)

MGF

Ever

5188/9422 (55.1)

Never

1758/1179 (59.9)

PGM

Ever

3153/5462 (57.7)

Never

2589/4119 (62.9)

PGM

Prenatally

2281/4028 (56.6)

Not prenatally

3439/5516 (62.3)

PGF

Ever

4188/6972 (60.1)

Never

1146/1898 (60.4)

Mother

Ever

3309/6629 (49.9)

Never

3990/6431 (62.0)

Mother

Prenatally

1085/2615 (41.5)

Not prenatally

6252/10548 (59.3)

Father

Ever

3000/5412 (55.4)

Never

2863/4421 (64.8)

Father

Prenatally

1482/2959 (50.1)

Not prenatally

4291/6709 (64.0)

  1. MGM = maternal grandmother; MGF = maternal grandfather; PGM = paternal grandmother; PGF = paternal grandfather.