Table 1 Clinical findings in 12 children with ocular features of albinism and no obvious skin pigmentation abnormalities.

From: Clinical and genetic variability in children with partial albinism

proband ID

age at genetic testing (years)

sex

iris transillumination

foveal hypoplasia

fundal hypopigmentation

age at VEP testing (years)

VEP crossed asymmetry (pattern & flash VEP score)

relevant family history

1

<1

M

no

yes

yes

<1

possible (P-1, F1)

none reported

2

14

F

no

yes

yes

<1; 2; 14

probable (P-1, F2); no (P-1, F0); yes (P3, F3)

none reported

3

1

M

yes

yes

yes

not tested

not tested

none reported

4

3

M

yes

yes

yes

<1

yes (P3, F3)

mother with iris transillumination & foveal hypoplasia

5

6

M

yes

yes

yes

5

yes (P3, F3)

identical twin affected

6

1

M

yes

yes

yes

<1

yes (P3, F3)

none reported

7

8

M

yes

yes

yes

<1

probable (P2, F1)

none reported

8

11

F

yes

yes

yes

not tested

not tested

brother affected

9

1

F

yes

yes

yes

1

no (P0, F0)

none reported

10

7

F

no

yes

yes

3; 6

probable (P2, F0); probable (P0, F2)

none reported

11

7

M

no

yes

no

1; 4

possible (P1, F0); no (P0, F0)

half-brother of paternal grandmother with nystagmus

12

5

M

no

no

no

2

yes (P1, F3)

parental consanguinity

  1. VEP, visual evoked potential; M, male; F, female. All study participants had skin pigmentation in keeping with their familial background. Other clinical features included prominent posterior embryotoxa in proband 2, easy bruising in proband 9 and mild developmental delay in proband 12.
  2. Pattern (P) and flash (F) VEP scores are shown. A score of [−1] corresponds to inadequate signal, either due to poor cooperation or simply because spatial vision was too poor. A score of [0] suggests no crossed asymmetry (i.e. the right-left difference plots for right and left eyes were indistinguishable). A score of [1] denotes possible crossed asymmetry (i.e. whilst most components are not asymmetrical, one or two are). A score of [2] suggests probable crossed asymmetry (i.e. crossed asymmetry is partial or the polarity of the components is reversed but the phase is shifted). A score of [3] denotes definite crossed asymmetry (i.e. while right-left interhemispheric difference plots may be of differing amplitude, their waveforms are more or less mirror images of each other.