Table 1 Characteristics of mothers, fetuses and neonates by mode of delivery. *Number of mothers/neonates for each characteristic were not the same due to missing data; NA: Data was not available.
GS (N = 15,471) | p value | MCS (N = 15,053) | p value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VB (N = 10,669) n/N(%) | CS (N = 4,802) n/N (%) | VB (N = 9,524) n/N (%) | CS (N = 5,529) n/N (%) | |||||||
Maternal characteristics* | ||||||||||
Marital status | ||||||||||
Single | 1,408/10,629 | (13.2) | 596/4,792 | (12.4) | 0.17 | 1,205/9,458 | (12.7) | 624/5,491 | (11.4) | 0.013 |
Married/cohabiting | 9,221/10,629 | (86.8) | 4,196/4,792 | (87.6) | 8,253/9458 | (87.3) | 4,867/5,491 | (88.6) | ||
Maternal age (years) | ||||||||||
<20 | 1,785/10,660 | (16.7) | 481/4,799 | (10.0) | <0.001 | 1,456/9,501 | (15.3) | 541/5,513 | (9.8) | <0.001 |
20–34 | 7,962/10,660 | (74.7) | 3,437/4,799 | (71.6) | 7,235/9,501 | (76.1) | 3,941/5,513 | (71.5) | ||
≥35 | 913/10,660 | (8.6) | 881/4,799 | (18.4) | 810/9,501 | (8.5) | 1,031/5,513 | (18.7) | ||
Education attainment (years) | ||||||||||
<=5 | 2,250/10,005 | (22.5) | 640/4,506 | (14.2) | <0.001 | 2,045/8,807 | (23.2) | 696/5,019 | (13.9) | <0.001 |
6–9 | 3,629/10,005 | (36.3) | 1,516/4,506 | (33.6) | 2,985/8,807 | (33.9) | 1,475/5,019 | (29.4) | ||
10–12 | 3,123/10,005 | (31.2) | 1,543/4,506 | (34.2) | 2,783/8,807 | (31.6) | 1,693/5,019 | (33.7) | ||
>12 | 1,003/10,005 | (10.0) | 807/4,506 | (17.9) | 994/8,807 | (11.3) | 1,152/5,019 | (23.0) | ||
Parity | ||||||||||
Nulliparous | 5,098/10,615 | (48.0) | 1,899/4,792 | (39.6) | <0.001 | 4,739/9,516 | (49.8) | 2,487/5,521 | (45.0) | <0.001 |
Multiparous | 5,517/10,615 | (52.0) | 2,893/4,792 | (60.4) | 4,777/9,516 | (50.2) | 3,034/5,521 | (55.0) | ||
Underlying disease | ||||||||||
Yes | 699/10,595 | (6.6) | 488/4,768 | (10.2) | <0.001 | 444/9,524 | (4.7) | 633/5,526 | (11.5) | <0.001 |
No | 9,896/10595 | (93.4) | 4,280/4,768 | (89.8) | 9,080/9,524 | (95.3) | 4,893/5,526 | (88.5) | ||
Preeclampsia | ||||||||||
Yes | 323/10,653 | (3.0) | 758/4,788 | (15.8) | <0.001 | 350/9,524 | (3.7) | 933/5,527 | (16.9) | <0.001 |
No | 10,330/10,653 | (97.0) | 4,030/4,788 | (84.2) | 9,174/9524 | (96.3) | 4,594/5,527 | (83.1) | ||
Eclampsia | ||||||||||
Yes | 93/10,652 | (0.9) | 107/4,788 | (2.2) | <0.001 | 83/9,524 | (0.9) | 129/5,527 | (2.3) | <0.001 |
No | 10,559/10,652 | (99.1) | 4,681/4,788 | (97.8) | 9,441/9,524 | (99.1) | 5,398/5527 | (97.7) | ||
Perinatal characteristics | ||||||||||
Gestational age | ||||||||||
Extremely preterm | 419/10,669 | (3.9) | 113/4,802 | (2.4) | <0.001 | 480/9,524 | (5.0) | 135/5,529 | (2.4) | <0.001 |
Very preterm | 1,052/10,669 | (9.9) | 532/4,802 | (11.1) | 1,191/9,524 | (12.5) | 653/5,529 | (11.8) | ||
Moderate preterm | 9,198/10,669 | (86.2) | 4,157/4,802 | (86.6) | 7,853/9,524 | (82.5) | 4,714/5,529 | (85.7) | ||
Fetal presentation* | ||||||||||
Vertex | 10,117/10,664 | (94.9) | 3,887/4,784 | (81.2) | <0.001 | 8,990/9,513 | (94.5) | 4,581/5,510 | (83.1) | <0.001 |
Non-vertex | 547/10,664 | (5.1) | 897/4,784 | (18.8) | 523/9,513 | (5.5) | 929/5,510 | (16.9) | ||
Corticosteroids* | ||||||||||
No | NA | NA | 6,562/9,308 | (70.5) | 3,172/5,284 | (60.0) | <0.001 | |||
Yes | NA | NA | 2,746/9,308 | (29.5) | 2,112/5,284 | (40.0) | ||||
Sex* | ||||||||||
Female | 5,199/10,661 | (48.8) | 2,222/4,800 | (46.3) | 0.005 | 4,644/9,514 | (48.8) | 2,580/5,522 | (46.7) | 0.014 |
Male | 5,462/10,661 | (51.2) | 2,578/4,800 | (53.7) | 4,870/9,514 | (51.2) | 2,939/5,522 | (53.3) | ||
Birth weight | ||||||||||
≤1,000 g | 433/10,669 | (4.1) | 170/4,802 | (3.5) | <0.001 | 654/9,524 | (6.9) | 226/5,529 | (4.1) | <0.001 |
>1,000–1,500 g | 757/10,669 | (7.1) | 447/4,802 | (9.3) | 982/9,524 | (10.3) | 681/5,529 | (12.3) | ||
>1,500–2,500 g | 4,536/10,669 | (42.5) | 2,210/4,802 | (46.0) | 4,780/9,524 | (50.2) | 2,878/5,529 | (52.1) | ||
>2500 g | 4,943/10,669 | (46.3) | 1,975/4,802 | (41.1) | 3,108/9,524 | (32.6) | 1,744/5,529 | (31.5) | ||
