Figure 3
From: Biofilm-stimulated epithelium modulates the inflammatory responses in co-cultured immune cells
Compositional analysis and ultrastructural differences in multi-species oral biofilms. Bacterial DNA was extracted from multi- species biofilms using DNeasy Qiagen kit for quantification of each species using SYBR GreenER based quantitative PCR (A–C). Unique biofilm morphology and architecture was visualised using scanning electron microscopy ((D–F); lower magnification ×500, and higher magnification ×5000 inset) and transmission electron microscopy ((G–I); lower magnification ×15000, and higher magnification ×25000 inset). Confocal stacked images representative of biofilms stained with SYTO9 and PI to show live and dead cells as viewed using the Zeiss LSM 780 confocal laser scanning microscope. Confocal images were taken at ×40 magnification and image stacks compiled using COMSTAT2 program. Data for qPCR compositional analysis of biofilms representative of mean +/− SEM for n = 3 from two individual experiments. Abbreviations; A. a* = Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans.
