Figure 6
A schematic image of processes controlling the bifurcation of caldera-forming eruption and lava effusion. (a) Climatic ignimbrites and the post-caldera domes during the caldera-forming eruption. The climatic eruption is triggered by the roof collapse resulting in large overpressure and the post-caldera dome is caused by small overpressure in the reservoir. (b) Gas bubbles are retained in crystal-rich magma when the overpressure (∆P) in the reservoir is large and decompression rate (dP/dt) is high. In this case, dP/dt increases with the ascent of magma and crystal connectivity (Φc) decreases. (c) Under low overpressure, dP/dt is low, which causes gas extraction and outgassing. This feedback loop causes non-explosive eruption.
