Figure 2
From: Thermally and field-driven mobility of emergent magnetic charges in square artificial spin ice

Imaging monopole motion. (a) The raw absorption image for the 400 nm lattice spacing sample and (b) a schematic of the initial, pure T2, diagonally field-polarised state. (c) A difference image where three islands have reversed and (d) the schematic of the corresponding injected monopole-antimonopole (T3) pair indicated with a red and blue circle at the ends of the string of reversed islands (T1 vertices) in black. (e) The next consecutive difference image where another island has reversed and (f) the cumulative motion of the monopole-antimonopole pair, schematically showing the creation of an additional T1 vertex and growth of the Nambu string.