Figure 4

Relative gut microbial subpopulations in cecal samples of SD rats fed a standard (STD), high-fat (HF), high-fat supplemented with d-fagomine (HF + FG), high-fat supplemented with EPA/DHA (1:1) (HF + ω-3) or high-fat supplemented with both d-fagomine and EPA/DHA (1:1) (HF + FG + ω-3) diet after 24 weeks. Bacteroidetes (A) Firmicutes (B) Bacteroidetes:Firmicutes ratio (C) Lactobacilliales (D) Bifidobacteriales (E) Enterobacteriales (F) Prevotella (G) and Bacteroides (H) Cecum weight (I). Data are presented as means with their standard error. Comparisons were made using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs STD; ##P < 0.01, ###P < 0.001 vs HF; δδP < 0.01 vs HF + FG; and †P < 0.05, ††P < 0.01, †††P < 0.001 vs HF + ω-3.