Table 2 Multivariate Regression Analysis for the determinants that influenced the choroidal structures*.

From: Systemic and Ocular Determinants of Choroidal Structures on Optical Coherence Tomography of Eyes with Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy

 

SFCT, B (β) [95% CI], μm

p

Total choroidal area, B (β) [95% CI], 103 μm2

p

Luminal area, B (β) (95% CI), 103 μm2

p

Stromal area, B (β) (95% CI), 103 μm2

p

L/S ratio, B (β) (95% CI)

p

Adjusted R2

0.390

 

0.375

 

0.338

 

0.413

 

0.084

 

Age

−2.7 (−0.417) [−3.5 to −1.9]

<0.001

−14.6 (−0.423) [−18.8 to −10.4]

<0.001

−9.8 (−0.396) [−12.8 to −6.7]

<0.001

−4.9 (−0.455) [−6.1 to −3.6]

<0.001

  

axial length

−34.8 (−0.414) [−44.9 to −24.8]

<0.001

−165.6 (−0.372) [−218.3 to −112.9]

<0.001

−121.6 (−0.382) [−160.3 to −82.8]

<0.001

−45.2 (−0.326) [−61.7 to −28.6]

<0.001

−0.054 (−0.206) [−0.089 to −0.019]

0.003

Sex (women)

−23.4 (−0.135) [−43.9 to −2.9]

0.026

−145.3 (−0.159) [−253.2 to −37.3]

0.020

−112.3 (−0.172) [−191.7 to −32.9]

0.006

−27.9 (−0.098) [−61.5 to 5.7]

0.103

  

Albumin index†

0.004 (0.087) [−0.002 to 0.010]

0.160

34.3 (0.130) [2.6 to 66.0]

0.034

22.1 (0.117) [−1.2 to 45.3]

0.063

14.5 (0.177) [1.8 to 27.2]

0.025

  

Stage of DR, NDR

0

 

0

 

0

 

0

   

mNDR

35.9 (0.173) [6.8 to 65.1]

0.016

200.2 (0.181) [46.3 to 354.1]

0.011

164.7 (0.209) [52.0 to 277.3]

0.004

30.6 (0.089) [−17.0 to 78.1]

0.206

  

Severe NPDR

53.9 (0.239) [22.6 to 84.8]

0.001

284.9 (0.240) [120.2 to 449.7]

<0.001

204.4 (0.240) [85.5 to 323.3]

0.001

81.4 (0.220) [30.7 to 132.2]

0.002

  

PDR without PRP

54.2 (0.258) [21.9 to 86.5]

0.001

284.8 (0.256) [114.0 to 455.7]

0.002

195.3 (0.245) [75.6 to 315.0]

0.002

89.9 (0.259) [37.0 to 142.7]

0.001

  

PDR with PRP

−4.7 (−0.023) [−34.0to 24.6]

0.753

−4.7 (−0.004) [−161.8 to 152.4]

0.758

10.7 (0.014) [−103.6 to 125.1]

0.853

−28.3 (−0.083) [−76.7 to 20.1]

0.250

  

DME (present)

4.5 (0.026) [−16.7 to 25.8]

0.673

33.4 (0.036) [−78.0 to 144.9]

0.555

  

−45.4 (−0.158) [−130.0 to 39.5]

0.292

  

Hypertension (present)

  

−132.5 (−0.139) [−246.3 to −18.6]

0.023

−98.9 (−0.145) [−182.5 to −15.4]

0.021

    

Type of DME, absent

      

0

   

Sponge-like swelling

      

9.1 (0.021) [−58.8 to 77.1]

0.791

  

Cystoid macular edema

      

74.5 (0.224) [−14.0 to 163.0]

0.098

  

Serous retinal detachment

      

59.4 (0.116) [−34.8 to 153.6]

0.215

  

Serum albumin

      

12.2 (0.051) [−24.9 to 49.4]

0.516

  

BCVA

        

−0.198 (−0.174) [−0.363 to 0.032]

0.019

CMT

        

−0.000 (−0.108) [−0.001 to 0.000]

0.144

  1. Using the variables which were significant in univariate analysis for each choroidal parameter, multivariate regression analyses were performed. Values in bold indicate statistical significance (P < 0.05). SFCT, subfoveal choroidal thickness; L/S ratio, ratio of luminal to stromal area; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; NDR, no diabetic retinopathy; mNPDR, mild to moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy; PDR, proliferative diabetic retinopathy; PRP, panretinal photocoagulation; BCVA, best corrected visual acuity; CMT, central macular thickness.
  2. *Data were presented as B, unstandardized coefficients (β, standardized coefficients) [95% CI for B].
  3. †Albumin index = the ratio of urinal albumin to urinal creatinine.
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