Figure 2

TAT-Gap19 protection against renal vascular leakage is not accompanied by a reduction in cytokine and chemokine production, tissue damage, and release of cell death markers. (a–c) Male C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated i.v. with vehicle (DPBS) or TAT-Gap19 (5 mg/kg) 15 minutes prior to TNF injection (10 µg, i.v.). n = total number of mice per group. (a) Levels of IL-6 and CXCL-1 in plasma of mice, 6 hr after TNF. (b) EC activation, displayed as plasma P-selectin levels 6 hr after TNF. (c) Tissue damage presented as levels of LDH in serum of mice, 6 hr after TNF. (d) Vehicle, TAT-Gap19 (10 mg/kg), TAT-CT9 (10 mg/kg) or TAT (10 mg/kg) were injected 15 min prior to TNF injection (10 µg, i.v.). Kidneys were isolated 6 hr after TNF. The data are represented as the ratio of TUNEL positive cells on all cells (Hoechst⁺) (in %). n = 5 mice per group; 1–3 sections per mouse; ^***p < 0.0003, ^****p < 0.0001. All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical tests used: (a–d) 1-Way ANOVA with post-hoc Tukey’s test.