Table 2 Summary of copper sulphate effects on different species, reported by previous researches, and comparison with our results.
Species | Exposure Time | Chemical | Concentration | Effect | Author | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lethal Effects | Cerastoderma edule | 96 hours | Copper sulphate | LC50 (Big size) = 0.818 (0.595–0.987) mg/L LC50 (Small size) = 1.129 (0.968–1.289) mg/L | Lethality | 23 |
Scrobicularia plana | 96 hours | Copper sulphate | LC50 (Big size) = 2.563 (2.229–2.903) mg/L LC50 (Small size) = 4.705 (3.540–12.292) mg/L | Lethality | 23 | |
Lamellidens marginalis | 72 hours | Copper sulphate | LC50 = 3.990 mg/L | Lethality | 32 | |
Anodonta anatine Pseudanodonta complanata Unio tumidos | 48 hours | Copper | LC50 = 18.9 (10.0–31.1) µg/L LC50 = 29.3 (25.4–34.0) µg/L LC50 = 19.0 (16.2–22.0) µg/L | Lethality | 33 | |
Nassarius reticulatus | 96 hours | Copper | LC50 = 58.84 (35.45–82.29) µg/L | Lethality | 34 | |
Daphnia magna | 96 hours | Copper sulphate | LC50 = 0.0826 (0.0823–0.0829) mg/L | Lethality | 35 | |
Effects on Enzymatic Activity | Cerastoderma edule | 96 hours | Copper sulphate | 0.35–0.9 mg/L | Increase of GR, GST, GPx activities and TBARS levels, to the big size class, at the lower concentration. Decrease of GR activity to small size class at 0.35 mg/L and of GST activity along of the concentration range, being statistically significant at 0.9 mg/L. | Our results |
Scrobicularia plana | 96 hours | Copper sulphate | 1.0 – 4.0 mg/L | Increase of TBARS levels on both size classes at 2.0 mg/L. Increase of tGPx activity to small size class, at all concentrations. | Our results | |
Scrobicularia plana | 16 days | Nanoparticles of copper oxid | 10 µg/L | Increase of GST; no changes in TBARS levels | 49 | |
Chlamys farreri | 96 hours | Copper | 3 µg/L | No effects on GST and GPx activities | 9 | |
Perna perna | 72 hours | Copper sulphate | 40 µg/L | Decrease of GSH levels, with no significant changes on GST and GPx activities | 50 | |
Mytilus galloprovincialis | 72 hours | Copper | 40 µg/L | Decrease of GSH levels | 51 | |
Mytilus galloprovincialis | 6 days | Copper | 40 µg/L | Increase of lipid peroxidation | 53–54 | |
Ruditapes decussatus | 28 days | Copper | 2.5 µg/L | Increase of lipid peroxidation | 55 |
