Figure 3

Effect of the combination of HDZ-9-47 and biofumigation on the abundance of soil total nematodes (A), plant parasites (B), fungivores (C), bacterivores (D), and predators/omnivores (E) at different sampling dates. C-H: combination of Streptomyces rubrogriseus HDZ-9-47 and biofumigation with cabbage. H: application of HDZ-9-47 alone. C: soil biofumigation with cabbage. BBF and ABF: before- and after biofumigation, respectively. Error bars represent standard deviation. The different letters on each bar within same sampling time represent significant differences at the 0.05 level based on Tukey’s multiple comparison test.