Table 1 characteristics of included studies.

From: Effect of different types of statins on kidney function decline and proteinuria: a network meta-analysis

Author, year Study name	Population	Intervention	Mean baseline characteristics per RCT								Outcome [annual change (SD)] per intervention
Author, year Study name	Population	Intervention	Sample size (n)	Follow-up (y)	Age (y)	Male sex (%)	Diabetes (%)	Blood pressure (mmHg)	eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)	LDL (mmol/L)	eGFR	Proteinuria
(measure)
Abe, 2015	CKD	Rosuvastatin 2.5 mg Pitavastatin mean 1.4 mg	134	1	70	58	44	.	58	3.6	2.80 (12.1) 0.90 (13.8)^a	-392 (802) -250 (707)^a (UACR)
Amarenco, 2014 SPARCL	Stroke, TIA	Atorvastatin 80 mg Placebo	4719	5	63	60	17	139/82	66	3.4	0.96 (13.1) -0.50 (13.1)^b	.
Athyros, 2004 GREACE	CHD	Atorvastatin mean 24 mg Control	1600	4	58	78	20	123/75	77	.	2.00 (2.0) -0.75 (1.8)^a	.
Atthobari, 2006 PREVEND-IT	General population	Pravastatin 40 mg Placebo	788	4	52	66	3	131/76	76	4.1	0.15 (3.7) -0.25 (1.9)^a	-0.02 (0.07) -0.03 (0.08)^ac (UAE)
Bianchi, 2003	CKD	Atorvastatin 40 mg Placebo	56	1	56	47	0	133/85	50	5.1	-1.00 (5.9) -5.80 (6.0)^a	-1.0 (0.47) 0.3 (0.47)^a (UPE)
Castelao, 1993	Transplant	Lovastatin 20 mg Simvastatin 10 mg	51	1	44	69	.	.	52	4.9	-1.00 (16.6) -4.60 (15.3)	0.38 (1.9) 0.31 (1.1) (UPE)
Colhoun, 2009 CARDS	DM2	Atorvastatin 20 mg Placebo	2838	4	62	68	100	144/83	64	3.0	0.48 (2.7) 0.30 (2.6)	.
Dalla Nora, 2003	DM2	Atorvastatin 10 mg Placebo	25	1	65	60	100	.	.	3.5	.	2.0 (1.9) 6.0 (1.9)^d (AER)
Deedwania, 2015 SAGE	CAD	Atorvastatin 80 mg Pravastatin 40 mg	868	1	72	69	23	.	62	3.8	2.38 (10.4) 0.18 (10.3)^b	.
Fassett, 2010	ADPKD	Pravastatin 20 mg Control	60	2	51	39	.	133/86	55	3.3	-0.31 (10.4) -1.34 (12.2)	-0.04 (0.20) 0.01 (0.09) (UPE)
Fassett, 2010 LORD	CKD	Atorvastatin 10 mg Placebo	132	3	60	65	8	143/81	31	3.4	-1.04 (3.84) -1.47 (3.74)	-0.39 (0.71) -0.14 (0.85) (UPE)
Fellstrom, 2004 ALERT	Transplant	Fluvastatin 40 mg Placebo	439	5	50	66	19	144/86	52	4.1	-0.93 (8.9) -1.87 (8.3)^a	.
Fried, 2001	DM1	Simvastatin 10 mg Placebo	39	1.5	32	56	100	.	.	3.3	.	0.09 (0.44) 0.14 (0.66)^d (AER)
Gheith, 2002	Nephrotic syndrome	Fluvastatin 20 mg Control	43	1	23	42	.	.	107	7.8	-4.80 (28.8) -35.4 (29.4)^a	-6.0 (2.3) -2.0 (2.4)^de (UPE)
Haynes, 2014 SHARP	CKD	Simvastatin 20 mg/eze Placebo	5037	4	63	62	23	139/80	27	2.9	-1.66 (3.5) -1.83 (3.5)	.
Holme, 2010 IDEAL	MI	Atorvastatin 80 mg Simvastatin 20 mg	8888	4.8	62	81	12	137.80	68	3.1	0.01 (2.7) 0.34 (2.7)	.
HPS, 2003 HPS	DM	Simvastatin 40 mg Placebo	20536	4.8	64	76	29	144/81	.	3.3	-1.23 (1.86) -1.40 (1.83)	.
Huskey, 2009 4S	CHD	Simvastatin 20 mg Placebo	3842	5.5	58	80	4	139/83	76	4.9	-0.34 (7.4) -0.41 (7.4)^f	.
Kendrick, 2010 AFCAPS/Tex	Primary prevention	Lovastatin 20 mg Placebo	4994	5.3	58	85	2	138/78	87	3.8	-1.30 (3.5) -1.40 (3.5)	.
Kimura, 2017 ASUCA	CKD	Atorvastatin 5-20 mg Control	334	2	63	64	34	133/77	55	3.7	-1.15 (4.4) -1.30 (4.4)	0.3 (1.3) -0.2 (1.3) log(UAE)
Kimura, 2012	DM2	Pitavastatin 2 mg Pravastatin 10 mg	83	1	65	57	100	132/76	74	3.4	-2.0 (9.0) -0.5 (9.5)^b	-50 (150) 25 (175)^b (UACR)
Kinouchi, 2013	Dyslipidemia	Fluvastatin 20 mg Fluvastatin 20 mg/eze	54	1	54	67	6	140/90	71	4.1	-4.10 (7.7) 4.10 (6.4)	22.5 (72.4) -44.7 (74.5)^d (UAE)
Koren, 2009 ALLIANCE	CHD	Atorvastatin mean 41 mg Control	2442	4.5	61	82	22	134/79	73	3.8	0.18 (6.4) -0.30 (7.2)	.
Kouvelos, 2015	Vascular surgery	Rosuvastatin 10 mg Rosuvastatin 10 mg/eze	262	1	71	90	30	.	65	3.8	-7.60 (10.1) -6.80 (10.7)^a	0.9 (2.0) 0.5 (1.9)^ad (UPE)
Lam, 1995	NID-DM	Lovastatin 20-40 mg Placebo	34	2	56	56	100	.	84	4.2	-1.10 (5.7) -1.30 (3.6)^ab	0 (0.1) 0.25 (0.2)^ab (UPE)
Lee, 2005	Controlled HT	Pravastatin 10 mg Placebo	61	1	49	68	0	121/73	87	3.2	13.0 (13.3) 4.0 (12.4)^a	-673 (448) -7 (327)^ab (UPE)
Lemos, 2013	CKD	Rosuvastatin 10 mg Control	77	2	58	61	21	.	40	3.1	-1.15 (6.0) -2.50 (5.1)a	0.08 (0.18) 0.23 (0.26)^ad (UPE)
Mori, 1992	NID-DM	Pravastatin 10 mg Control	33	1	63	36	100	134/80	.	2.9	.	-50.5 (54.7) -5.4 (71.8)^a (UACR)
Mou, 2016	Chronic glom. nephritis	Pravastatin 20 mg Control	48	1.8	51	.	8	133/75	75	3.5	-1.08 (12.7) -4.33 (10.6)^ab	-0.33 (0.9) -0.27 (0.9)^ab (UPE)
Nanayakkara, 2007 ATIC	CKD	Pravastatin 40 mg * Placebo	87	2	53	57	0	135/79	34	3.6	0 (4.3) 0.15 (4.3)^ab	-0.1 (0.8) 0.2 (0.8)^a log(UAE)
Ohsawa, 2015	CKD	Pitavastatin 1-4 mg Control	28	1	62	71	33	130/78	49	3.6	-3.50 (3.21) -4.20 (2.96)^a	-244 (574) -338 (1141)^a (UACR)
Rahman, 2008 ALLHAT	HT, HCh	Pravastatin 40 mg Control	10355	6	67	51	35	143/83	78	3.8	-1.45 (5.9) -1.65 (5.9)^a	.
Rutter, 2011 PANDA	DM2	Atorvastatin 80 mg Atorvastatin 10 mg	119	2.5	64	83	100	.	67	3.1	1.0 (13.8) -3.0 (11.8)^ab	.
Sawara, 2008	CKD	Rosuvastatin 2.5 mg Control	38	1	65	0	.	127/78	53	3.3	2.60 (12.3) -2.20 (10.6)^a	-0.04 (0.19) 0.05 (0.24)^a (UPE)
Scanferla, 1991	CKD	Sim/pravastatin 10 mg Control	24	1	54	58	.	172/106	40	.	-1.80 (4.2) -3.10 (4.2)	.
Shepherd, 2007 TNT	CAD	Atorvastatin 80 mg Atorvastatin 10 mg	10001	5	61	81	15	131/78	65	2.5	1.5 (9.7) 0.1 (9.7)^bf	.
Takazakura, 2015	DM	Atorvastatin 10 mg Pravastatin 10 mg Control	106	1	62	87	100	129/0	64	3.0	-0.80 (11.4) -2.80 (10.8) -3.10 (9.6)^a	-0.2 (0.4) -0.1 (0.7) 0.1 (0.5)^a log(UACR)
Tonelli, 2005 PPP **	CAD	Pravastatin 40 mg Placebo	18569	5	58	90	7	133/81	73	4.2	Effect of pravastatin: 0.10 (0.02; 0.17) mL/min/1.73m^{2 g}	.
Vidt, 2011 JUPITER	Healthy population	Rosuvastatin 20 mg Placebo	16279	2.3	66	62	31	.	75	.	-7.10 (11.9) -7.70 (11.8)	.
Yakusevich, 2013	Stroke	Simvastatin 40 mg Control	210	1	66	45	.	.	76	2.2	7.05 (12.1) 1.37 (13.8)^f	.
Yasuda, 2004	CKD	Fluvastatin 20 mg Control	80	0.9	58	46	43	144/80	60	4.4	-8.67 (3.9) -6.50 (4.0)^a	0 (0.14) 0 (0.15)^a (UAE)
De Zeeuw, 2015 PLANET I	DM	Rosuvastatin 10 mg Rosuvastatin 40 mg Atorvastatin 80 mg	325	1	58	70	100	139/79	71	3.9	-3.70 (14.7) -7.29 (20.4) -1.61 (13.0)	2 (79) -4 (77) -13 (57) %change
De Zeeuw, 2015 PLANET II	Non-DM proteinuria	Rosuvastatin 10 mg Rosuvastatin 40 mg Atorvastatin 80 mg	220	1	49	62	0	130/81	75	4.3	-2.71 (13.3) -3.30 (12.5) -1.74 (14.2)	-6 (99) 8 (75) -24 (60)

ACS, acute coronary syndrome; ADPKD, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHD, coronary heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; eze, ezetimibe; HT, hypertension; MI, myocardial infarction; TIA, transient ischemic attack; (NID−)DM1/DM2, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus 1 or 2, LDL, low-density lipoprotein; prot, proteinuria; UACR, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio; UAE, urinary albumin excretion; UPE, urinary protein excretion.
*Intervention was a combination of statin and vitamin E supplementation.
**PPP: Pravastatin Pooling Project, study representing pooled estimates of three RCTs: LIPID, CARE, and WOSCOPS. Individual data on each RCT was not published.
^abased on eGFR (SD) value at baseline and follow-up. SD of eGFR change was calculated according to the formula provided in the Cochrane Handbook¹¹.
^bdata extracted from figure.
^creported geometric mean was log-transformed to achieve normal distribution with symmetrical SD.
^dSD acquired by dividing interquartile range by 1.35.
^eno SD or SE reported, these were therefore borrowed from comparable studies.
^fSD of baseline eGFR value used to calculate SD of eGFR change.
^gonly effect of treatment vs control reported.

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Table 1 characteristics of included studies.

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