Figure 1

Study design and taxonomic evaluations of fecal microbiota associated with CBM588 ingestion for 1 month. (A) Patients took CBM588 continuously for 1 month. Stool samples were collected before, 1 week after, and 1 month after the administration of CBM588. (B) OTU diversities at 1 month were assayed using q-parameterized Hill numbers. No OTUs were dominant after CBM588 administration, as suggested by overlapping dashed (before administration) and solid (1 month after administration) curves. α diversity (q = 0) was increased from 226.7 ± 3.6 to 282.0 ± 4.7 (SD), as averaged from 10 rarefied data sets. (C) The administration of CBM588 for 1 month caused discernible changes in the OTU profiles of all patients according to principal component analyses. Circles (before administration) and triangles (1 month after administration) of the same color were separated. (D) Percentages of 5 phyla, namely Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia, shifted significantly (p < 0.05) according to mixed linear models of at least half of the rarefied data sets after the administration of CBM588 for 1 month. (E) 4 families were selected after patients received CBM588 for 1 month by intersecting the results of both support vector classification and logistic regression models among rarefied data sets. Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Veillonellaceae were evident among all rarefactions, whereas Clostridiaceae was noted in half of the data sets.