Table 2 DamID selected genes related to CBX2.1 and CBX2.2.

DamID CBX2.1

ESR1

Maintaining the female phenotype of the endocrine somatic cells of the ovary by inhibiting male cell development¹²⁸.

ERKO mice develop testis-like features. Null ERα mutations in human females exhibit profound estrogen resistance and have features analogous to those in the knock out mouse⁶⁷.

NRG1

Induced by luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG to activate the MAKP3/1 pathway to promote GC differentiation and controls ovulation and luteinization related events⁷⁴.

Not reported

BMP2

BMP2 with FOXL2 ensure expression follistatin in the developing ovary. It amplifies FSH-induced estradiol production in sheep granulosa cell²³.

In mice, BMP2 null mutation is embryonic lethal and foetuses contain a low number of primordial germ cells leading to POF¹²⁹.

PTGER2

Regulation of ovulation and luteinization¹³⁰.

Mice deficient in Ptger2 have ovulatory defects that are related to an abnormality in cumulus expansion¹³¹.

SOX9

Stimulates the differentiation of Sertoli cells¹³².

In mice, derepression of Sox9 expression in XX gonads leads to testis development. Human mutation: 46, XY-sex reversal⁸. Duplication: 46,XX DSD.

POF1B

Regulates ovarian function¹³³

Assumed to be a causative candidate of POF¹³⁴

DKK1

Repress WNT mediated beta-catenin signalling during the developing testis¹³⁵.

In humans, it is a PCOS risk candidate¹³⁶.

FZD7

WNT signalling regulation¹³⁷

Not reported

DamID CBX2.2

AMIGO2

Potential role in lipid metabolism¹³⁸

Not reported

TGFα

Stimulate GC proliferation; inhibit follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (granulosa cell), and LH receptor (thecal cell) expression; inhibit steroidogenesis¹³⁹.

Not reported

TGFb2

Follicle growth⁸²

Polycystic ovary syndrome⁸²

NTRK2

Involved in the development and the maturation of the central and peripheral nervous systems¹⁴⁰.

In the knock out mice reduced the number of secondary follicles and a decrease in granulosa cell proliferation¹⁴¹.

AKR1C1

Implicated in the inactivation and formation of male and female sex hormones¹⁴².

In Akr1c1 deficient mice high progesterone levels and display a delay in parturition of several days¹⁴³.

FZD5

Induce the beta-catenin pathway¹⁴⁴

Not reported

SOX4

Heart function¹⁴⁵

Reported in human ovarian cancer¹⁴⁶

RSPO3

Regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling. It has a possible role in folliculogenesis and development of germ cells of fish¹⁴⁷.

Not reported