Figure 2

(a) Schematic of the 2D (the left panel) and 3D (the right panel) LWA with antenna width of L composed by a metallic periodic structure, an air layer, and a substrate with YIG material under an external magnetic field H₀. The cell number for the structure with the period of p is N, and the width and depth of the holes are w and h, respectively. The thickness of the air layer between the periodic structure and YIG is d. (b) Dispersion relation of the LWA. The solid and dashed lines represent the leaky mode and guided mode, respectively. Circles represent the results for the 3D LWA. The middle shaded area indicates the one-way region for the waveguide, and the dot-dashed lines represent the light lines. The inset shows the electric field distribution at \(\beta =0\) and \({{\rm{H}}}_{0}=1785\,{\rm{G}}\). (c) The loss for the leaky mode versus the frequency.