Figure 3

(a) Far-field radiation patterns (gain) of the LWA with continuous frequency scanning. Marked is the value of the frequency f (in GHz). (b) The radiation efficiency of LWA. (c) The numerical (solid line) and analytic (circles) results of the radiation angle \({\phi }_{peak}\), and 3 dB beam width \(\Delta {\phi }_{3dB}\) (dashed line) as a function of f. (d) Far-field radiation patterns (gain) for different losses ΔH at \(f=8.64\,{\rm{GHz}}\). The solid lines from the top to bottom represent ΔH = 0, 5, 10, and 20 G, respectively. The applied magnetic field is set to \({{\rm{H}}}_{0}=1785\,{\rm{G}}\).