Table 1 Strains used in this study.

BY4742

MATα leu2Δ0 his3Δ1 ura3Δ0 lys2Δ0

Euroscaf

MK5622

Autotrophic bioengineered DEH + strain;

BY4742 ade2Δ0 trp1Δ63

P_TEF1-yopt_eda-T_CYC1-LEU2-P_TEF1-yopt_kdgK-T_CYC1/YJL219w

P_TDH3-yopt_DHT1-T_TDH3-HIS3-P_TEF1-yopt_A1-R′-T_CYC1/YOL153C

P_TDH3-DSF1-T_TDH3-P_ADH1-HXT17-T_ADH1/kanMX

¹³

MK5719

Autotrophic bioengineered DEH++ strain = evolved MK5622 strain; A1-R′ c.50A > G

¹³

MK6286

Prototrophic bioengineered DEH++ strain;

MK5719 pAT422, pAT424, pRS316, pRS317

This study