Figure 4
From: A common root for coevolution and substitution rate variability in protein sequence evolution
Panel (a): Substitution avalanches on Influenza Hemagglutinin from 1980 to 201544. Panel (b): Avalanches of simulated substitutions (Eq. 1 with J = 0.02 and r0 = 0.0004) on an example structure (PDB 16pk, chain H). In both panels each cross or square represents one substitution which took place on the site corresponding to the x value and in the year corresponding to the y value. Gray crosses stand for either isolated substitutions or avalanches made by two substitutions. The squares label the remaining substitutions and are colored according to the avalanche to which they belong according to the procedure described in section  Avalanches detection and data from influenza hemagglutinin. The colored regions highlight some of the avalanches, and are only guides for the eye. Notice that the same avalanche can be split in two or more regions along the sequence, since a contact can be present even between sites which are not close along the sequence.
