Table 3 Effects of the dietary interventions on immune parameters during STM challenge period. Frequency of immune cells in piglets’ blood was measured using flow cytometry. CTRL = placebo control; NV = non-vaccinated; V = vaccinated; lcITF = long-chain inulin type fructans; LaW37 = L. acidophilus W37.

From: Combined dietary supplementation of long chain inulin and Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 supports oral vaccination efficacy against Salmonella Typhimurium in piglets

Marker

Time point

CTRL/NV

CTRL/V

LcITF/V

LcITF/LaW37/V

Monocytes/granulocytes

No effect observed

NK CD56dim

No effect observed

NK CD56bright

Difference between d52 and d55

0.0311*

0.0515*

0.0347*

0.0086

CTLs CD3+ CD8+

d55

28.4ab

33.65a

21.30b

28.15a

Th CD4+ CD8+

d55

24.81a

26.37a

35.84b

30.16a

CD3+ CD8+ CD45RO+

d55

2.57

1.68

2.84

4.14#

CD4+ CD8+ CD45RO+

d55

4.78

3.89

4.97#

5.16#

  1. *Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between d52 and d55 in frequency of NK CD56 bright cells within a treatment group.
  2. Different letters (a,b) represent statistical significance (p < 0.05).
  3. #Indicates a trend (p < 0.1) between the treatment group and the CTRL/V group.
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