Table 1 Comparison of historic oil and gas recovery strategies with the proposed CO2 storage resource.

From: Maturing global CO2 storage resources on offshore continental margins to achieve 2DS emissions reductions

Oil and gas domain

Primary production

Secondary recovery

Tertiary recovery

Recovery mechanisms used

Pressure depletion

Pressure support (mainly waterflood)

Gas & CO2 injection, chemical flooding

Typical recovery factor

(% HCIP)

<30%

30 to 50%

40 to 80%

CO2 storage domain

Class-A projects

Class-B projects

Class-C projects

Pressure management approach

Projects with minimal pressure constraints

Projects constrained by pressure limits

Projects with active pressure management

Typical pore space utilized (% Pore Volume)

<6% of open aquifer systems

<4% of confined aquifer systems

>5% for targeted confined aquifer systems

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