Table 2 Physiologic parameters for 39 male NGR [separated at 3 wks old] fed a semi-purified high carbohydrate diet (60:20:20) with or without 10% PFB for 8 weeks, then subdivided into resistant or susceptible to diabetes based on a random blood glucose (RBG) ≥ 75 mg glucose/100 ml plasma.

From: Palm Fruit Bioactives augment expression of Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Nile Grass Rat basal ganglia and alter the colonic microbiome

Ingredient

Diet

No PFB

10% PFB

CHO:Fat:Prot %E

60:20:20

60:20:20 + 10%PFJ

kcal/g

4.2

4.2

mg GAE/kcal

0.0

1.14

mg GAE/g diet

0.0

4.8

 

resistant

susceptible

resistant

susceptible

 

n=21

n=18

 

<75 mg

>75 mg

<75 mg

>75 mg

RBG >75 mg/dl

(% incidence T2DM) n=

9

12 (66%)

12

6 (33%)

Random Body weight (g)

Initial (3wk of age)

28 ± 3

28 ± 4

28 ± 4

30 ± 6

After 4 wks

71 ± 8

78 ± 6a

70 ± 7a

74 ± 9

After 8 wks

92 ± 5

97 ± 7a

90 ± 9a,b

99 ± 8b

Random blood glucose (mg/dl)

After 4 wks

68 ± 6a

125 ± 88a,b

76 ± 17b

89 ± 34

After 8 wks

63 ± 5a

268 ± 209a,b

63 ± 7b

163 ± 162

OGTT (BG mg/dl)

After 4 wks

  Fasting blood glucose, 0 min

55 ± 25

54 ± 18

57 ± 9

46 ± 6

30 min

230 ± 48

261 ± 43a

198 ± 59a

221 ± 79

    After 8 wks

  Fasting blood glucose, 0 min

47 ± 8

59 ± 27

57 ± 11

55 ± 12

    30 min

182 ± 27a,b,c

372 ± 101a,d,e

263 ± 63b,d

306 ± 94c,e

    60 min

97 ± 32a,b

269 ± 141a,c

165 ± 48c

202 ± 112b

Organ weight (%BW)

Liver

3.16 ± 0.26a

3.80 ± 0.55a,bc

3.46 ± 0.20b

3.43 ± 0.22c

Kidne

0.66 ± 0.05a

0.73 ± 0.07a

0.70 ± 0.04

0.72 ± 0.11

Cecum

1.16 ± 0.12a,b

1.29 ± 0.28c,d

1.64 ± 0.40a,c

1.58 ± 0.15b,d

    Adipose

      Epididymal

3.31 ± 0.48a,b

2.86 ± 0.38a

2.81 ± 0.50b

3.07 ± 0.40

      Perirenal

1.54 ± 0.19

1.69 ± 0.52

1.56 ± 0.40

1.64 ± 0.38

      Brown fat

1.73 ± 0.36

2.00 ± 0.34

1.88 ± 0.41

2.05 ± 0.31

        Total fat

6.59 ± 0.64

6.56 ± 1.04

6.26 ± 1.05

6.76 ± 0.49

    Carcass

75 ± 1

76 ± 7

74 ± 1

74 ± 1

Body length (cm)

12.9 ± 0.5

13.4 ± 0.6a

12.9 ± 0.6a

13.3 ± 0.5

  1. Values are Mean ± SD; aSignificant (P < 0.05) interaction term for diet × diabetes class (RBG <75 mg/dl>) revealed by two-way ANOVA; bSignificant (P < 0.05) effect of diet (GLoad) by two-way ANOVA; cSignificant (P < 0.05) increase due to diabetes (RBG > 75 mg/dl) by two-way ANOVA; dSignificant (P < 0.05) decrease due to diabetes (RBG > 75 mg/dl) by two-way ANOVA; All serum analyte statistical analyses  were carried out by two-way ANOVA . ND - Not detectable, below level of detection.