Figure 4

The flow chart of the study population. A total of 3,551,249 individuals were analyzed in the study. This population then categorized into the four groups by quartiles of GFR-VIM. Abbreviation: eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate calculated by MDRD equation; GFR-VIM = variability independent of mean of eGFR; IDMS = isotope dilution mass spectrometry; NHIS = national health insurance service.