Table 1 Baseline characteristics (n = 40, 20 females).

From: Optimized Measurement Parameters of Sensory Evoked Cortical Potentials to Assess Human Bladder Afferents - A Randomized Study

Baseline characteristics

Group differences

 

Women Dome

Men Dome

Women Trigone

Men Trigone

Gender-Dome

Gender-Trigone

Location

(n = 10)

(n = 10)

(n = 10)

(n = 10)

p-value

p-value

p-value

Age [years]

22.7 (18.8–26.9)

22.1 (19.1–31.9)

23.7 (18.3–35.8)

25.2 (18.3–32.2)

0.579

0.280

0.181

Height [m]

1.7 (1.6–1.8)

1.8 (1.7–1.9)

1.7 (1.6–1.9)

1.7 (1.6–2.0)

0.025*

0.103

0.233

Weight [kg]

65.0 ± 4.3

73.5 ± 10.4

63.0 ± 13.0

71.3 ± 12.0

0.034*

0.155

0.552

3-day bladder diary

Micturition frequency per 24 hours

6.4 ± 2.3

5.0 ± 1.6

6.1 ± 1.7

5.9 ± 2.8

0.124

0.823

0.696

Micturition volume per micturition [mL]

312 (238–550)

349 (246–517)

376 (178–487)

303 (209–1057)

0.481

0.393

0.989

Fluid intake per 24 hours [mL]

2140 (1373–4287)

2048 (783–4183)

2192 (1067–3283)

1887 (1567–7953)

0.571

0.631

0.766

Questionnaires

ICIQ-FLUTS/MLUTS+

   Filling symptoms

1.5 (0–4)

—

1 (0–3)

—

—

—

1

   Voiding symptoms

0 (0–2)

1 (0–4)

0 (0–3)

2 (0–6)

—

—

1/0.350

   Incontinence symptoms

0 (0–2)

1 (0–4)

0 (0–2)

1 (0–3)

—

—

0.626/0.905

IPSS

—

1 (0–3)

—

1.5 (0–6)

—

—

0.693

OAB-q SF

   Symptoms

6 (6–7)

6 (6–15)

8 (6–10)

6 (6–16)

0.764

0.209

0.063

   QoL

13 (13–14)

13 (13–17)

13.5 (13–17)

13 (13–18)

0.256

0.438

0.197

HADS

   Anxiety

2.5 ± 2.2

2.6 ± 1.2

4 ± 1.8

3.3 ± 2.0

0.902

0.418

0.061

   Depression

0 (0–4)

2 (0–5)

1.5 (0–6)

0.5 (0–4)

0.106

0.529

1

MoCA

28.6 ± 1.3

28.5 ± 1.2

28.1 ± 1.0

28.8 ± 1.1

0.857

0.160

0.784

Neuro-Urological examination

Urogenital sensation (intact/impaired)

10/0

10/0

10/0

10/0

   

Bulbocavernosus reflex (intact/impaired)

10/0

10/0

10/0

9/1

   

Anal reflex (intact/impaired)

10/0

10/0

10/0

10/0

   

Anal sphincter tone (intact/impaired)

10/0

10/0

10/0

10/0

   

Anal squeeze response (intact/impaired)

10/0

10/0

10/0

10/0

   

Free uroflowmetry

Voided volume [mL]

360 (171–1243)

350 (95–658)

465 (207–1195)

429 (170–1195)

0.739

0.734

0.561

Maximum flow rate [mL/s]

53.6 (27.4–62.9)

33.9 (11.1–77.4)

43.7 (14.5–79.4)

29.7 (22.3–34.3)

0.190

0.008*

0.244

Post void residual [mL]

5.4 (0–38.1)

2.2 (0–34)

1.5 (0–64.5)

12.5 (0–102.7)

0.938

0.532

0.511

  1. All subjects fulfilled predefined cut-offs for study inclusion: MoCA score ≥ 26, HADS ≤ 7 each, IPSS ≤ 7, Bladder diary (BLD): \(\frac{24h\,urinary\,frequency}{drinking\,volume\,[mL]\,}\le 0.0045\) with a maximum of 1x nocturia, mean volume per void >150 mL and absence of urinary incontinence or urgency. + due to different scoring systems, female and male subjects have not been compared. ICIQ = International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire, FLUTS = Female lower urinary tract symptoms, MLUTS = Male lower urinary tract symptoms, IPSS = International Prostate Symptom Score, OAB-q SF = The Overactive Bladder Questionnaire short-form, QoL = Quality of life, HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, MoCA = Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Data are represented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or median (range) where appropriate. Significant differences are marked: *p < 0.05.
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