Table 2 Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analyses identifying predictors for being in the consistently above average group versus the other development trajectory groups^a.

Factors	Subgroup 1: Start below average-then decrease		Subgroup 2: Start below average-then increase		Subgroup 3: Consistently average
Factors	RR (95% CI)	P values	RR (95% CI)	P values	RR (95% CI)	P values
Maternal education per grade increase^b	0.27(0.16, 0.46)	<0.001	0.59(0.41, 0.85)	0.01	0.76(0.61, 0.94)	0.01
Maternal occupation-non-farmer	0.16(0.02, 1.39)	0.10	0.78(0.28, 2.12)	0.62	0.74(0.46, 1.19)	0.27
Paternal education per grade increase^b	1.33(0.69, 2.56)	0.40	1.20(0.76, 1.89)	0.43	0.84(0.66, 1.08)	0.17
Paternal occupation-non-farmer	2.45(0.88, 6.86)	0.09	0.77(0.34, 1.72)	0.52	0.93(0.63, 1.37)	0.70
Household wealth per tertile increase^b	1.17(0.69, 1.96)	0.56	0.83(0.61, 1.14)	0.24	0.95(0.80, 1.12)	0.54
*Randomized prenatal regimen by supplementing duration*
Folic acid or folic acid plus iron <180 days	1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)		1.00 (Reference)
Folic acid plus iron ≥180 days	0.55(0.18, 1.66)	0.29	1.20(0.66, 2.18)	0.56	1.02(0.73, 1.41)	0.94
Multiple micronutrients <180 days	0.71(0.25, 1.96)	0.50	1.30(0.74, 2.31)	0.36	0.94(0.68, 1.31)	0.73
Multiple micronutrients ≥180 days	0.14(0.02, 1.07)	0.06	0.37(0.16, 0.90)	0.03	0.63(0.44, 0.89)	0.01
Child sex-Female	0.49(0.21, 1.13)	0.09	0.81(0.51, 1.29)	0.37	0.81(0.63, 1.03)	0.08
Preterm (<37 gestation weeks)	2.62(0.69, 9.99)	0.16	2.15(0.87, 5.27)	0.11	0.73(0.37, 1.44)	0.37
Small for gestational age (<10^th percentile)	4.94(2.16, 11.33)	<0.001	1.85(0.98, 3.50)	0.06	1.63(1.13, 2.33)	0.01
Low birth weight (<2500 g)^c	10.60(3.57, 31.49)	<0.001	2.50(0.87, 7.17)	0.09	2.18(1.11, 4.29)	0.02

^a“Subgroup 4: Consistently above average” was the comparison group. Variables were included in the multinomial logistic regression analyses for their p values in the one-way analysis of variance or Chi-Square tests (Supplementary Table S3) less than 0.10.
^bMaternal and paternal education were categorized as <3 years, Primary, Secondary and High school+, respectively. Household wealth was categorized as low, medium and high, respectively. All the variables were then treated as continuous variables in the multinomial logistic regression analyses.
^cThe results for low birth weight were adjusted for the variables in the main model but excluding preterm and small for gestational age. Abbreviations: RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval.

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