Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Solving the controversy of healthier organic fruit: Leaf wounding triggers distant gene expression response of polyphenol biosynthesis in strawberry fruit (Fragaria x ananassa)

Figure 5

Proposed model for phenolic biosynthesis in strawberry fruit induced by long distance wounding applied on leaves before harvest. Leaf wounding triggers systemin signaling and a JA/JA-Ile mechanism as a local response, reconfigures the sugar metabolism, sucrose upload in the vascular tissue and its transport to the fruit. Systemic response in fruit shows upregulation of sucrose invertases genes (CWI, SI), increasing soluble sugars and defensive genes transcripts related to phenolic compounds biosynthesis (LOX, JMT, DHD/SDH, EPSPS, PAL, CHS) and the corresponding phenylpropanoids (quercetin, rutin and epichatechin) and hydrolysable tannin derivatives (ellagic acid and gallic acid). JA, Jasmonic acid; JA-Ile, Jasmonic acid isoleucine; LOX, Lipoxygenase; JMT, Jasmonate methyl transferase; OPDA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid; HPOT, 9-/13-hydroperoxy-octadecatrienoic acid; CWI, Cell wall invertase; SI, Soluble invertase; PAL, Phenylalanine ammonia lyase; CHS, Chalcone synthase; DHD/SDH, 3-dehydroshikimate synthase; EPSPS, 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase. Applied wounding stress and up regulation of enzyme genes and associated primary and secondary metabolites increments are represented by a red ⊕ symbol.

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