Figure 2

VBM results with raw scores (model 1 & 2) (N = 267). The VBM results overlaid on the canonical T1 images (SPM), showing lesions associated with deficits in both writing tasks (conjunction). Results of model 1 (model not included other language and motor tasks) are presented in red, and for model 2 (model included the 4 language and 3 motor tasks) in yellow. The charts represent effect size (beta) for each writing tasks and the average effect size for the language (L) and motor (M) tasks. The error bars are 90% confidence interval of the effect size. Abbreviations: L, left, R: right, SFG, superior frontal gyrus; MFG, middle frontal gyrus; IPG, inferior parietal gyrus; MOG, middle occipital gyrus; ITG, inferior temporal gyrus, IOG, inferior occipital gyrus; WW, word writing; NW, number writing; L, language, M, motor. See Supplementary Figs. 2 and 3 for case examples of lesion on the CT scans.